The

Nervous
System
Quarter 3
Week 1 Session 1
 OVERVIEW
DIVISIONS OF THE NS PARTS OF THE BRAIN

THE NERVE CELL SENSES OF THE BODY

DISEASES OF THE NS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Outline the divisions of the nervous system
and briefly describe each
• Enumerate the parts and functions of the brain
• Differentiate the types of nerves in terms of
structure, location, and function
• Explain the process of neurotransmission
• Give some examples of the diseases/disorders
affecting the nervous system
LET’S WATCH THIS
 As you watch the
video, take note of
the important terms AUTONOMIC NS
and organize them via
a CONCEPT MAP BRAIN
CENTRAL NS
PARASYMPATHETIC NS
SOMATIC NS PERIPHERAL NS
SYMPATHETIC NS
SPINAL CORD
LET’S DO THIS
DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

1
2 3

4 5 6 7

8 9
What is the
Nervous
System?
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
• The nervous system is a highly
complex part of an animal that
coordinates its actions and
sensory information by
transmitting signals to and from
different parts of its body
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
• The nervous system detects
environmental changes that impact
the body, then works in tandem
with the endocrine system to
respond to such events
What is the
CNS
composed
of?
 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

•Consists of the
brain and the
spinal cord
•Controls most
functions of the
body and mind
What is the
PNS
composed
of?
 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(PNS)
• Contains all the nerves that
lie outside of the central
nervous system (CNS)
• Connects the CNS to the
organs, limbs, and skin
 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(PNS)

12 pairs of CRANIAL NERVES 31 pairs of SPINAL NERVES

 What are
the
subdivisions
of the PNS?
 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(PNS)
SOMATIC NERVOUS AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM (SNS) SYSTEM (ANS)

• Connects the brain and • Connects the brain and

spinal cord to voluntary spinal cord to involuntary
muscles (or skeletal muscles
muscles) • Heart
• Blood Vessels
• Lungs
• Other Internal Organs
THE PROCESS OF THE ANS & SNS
 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
(ANS)
SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM PARASYMPATHETIC
(SyNS) SYSTEM (PaNS)

• It is activated when the • It maintains body

body is in a dynamic role functions and restores the
or stress body to normal or
• Aka “Fight-or-Flight relaxed mode
Response” • Aka “Rest-and-Digest
Response”
 ACTION
OF THE
SyNS &
THE PaNS
LET’S WATCH THIS
 As you watch the
video, take note of FOREBRAIN
the important terms MIDBRAIN
HINDBRAIN
related to the BRAIN
DIENCEPHALON
MESENCEPHALON
METENCEPHALON
LIZARD BRAIN MYELENCEPHALON
RAT BRAIN PROSENCEPHALON
MONKEY BRAIN RHOMBENCEPHALON
TELENCEPHALON
LET’S ANALYZE
THE STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN
THE STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN
THE STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN
 DIENCEPHALON
TELENCEPHALON MESENCEPHALON

MYELENCEPHALO
METENCEPHALON
N
 CEREBRUM
• Site of intelligence of the person
(perception, imagination, thought,
judgment and decision)
• 4 LOBES:
• FRONTAL LOBE – personality,
emotions, higher-thinking skills
• PARIETAL LOBE – somatosensory
information, attention, language
• TEMPORAL LOBE – hearing,
language, reading
• OCCIPITAL LOBE – vision,
recognition of shapes and colors
 LIMBIC SYSTEM
HIPPOCAMPUS AMYGDALA
• Storage of new information • Pleasure, fear, addiction,
in memory anxiety, depression, arousal
• Compares sensory • Memories of emotional events
information with what the
brain expects about the
world
• Spatial and navigation
memories
 DIENCEPHALON
THALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS
• Relays sensory and • Waking up
motor information to the • Gets the adrenaline flowing
cortex • Control of the Autonomic
• Consciousness, sleep, Nervous System
alertness • Water balance
• Appetite
• Control of the pituitary gland
GLANDS IN THE BRAIN
HYPOTHALAMUS
PINEAL GLAND
PITUITARY
GLAND
 GLANDS IN THE BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND PITUITARY GLAND
• Controls sleep and • MASTER GLAND
circadian rhythm • Controls growth,
(biological clock) temperature,
pregnancy and
childbirth
 CORPUS CALLOSUM
Connects the two
cerebral
hemispheres
 MIDBRAIN
(MESENCEPHALON)
• Coordinates sensory information with simple
movements
• Tectum
• Tegmentum
• Colliculi
 COLLICULUS
(REFLEX CENTER)
SUPERIOR COLLICULUS INFERIOR COLLICULUS
• Movements of eye, • Movements of the head
head and neck in and trunk in response
response to visual to sound stimuli
stimuli
 MYELENCEPHALON
•MEDULLA OBLONGATA
• Controls heartbeat, blood pressure, and reflex
action (vomiting, coughing, sneezing,
swallowing)
 METENCEPHALON
CEREBELLUM PONS
• aka the LITTLE BRAIN • Controls breathing,
• Motor control, body facial expressions,
coordination, spatial dreaming
navigation and balance
SPECIAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN
Special Areas of the Brain
Cortex  Surface of the Cerebrum
Gyrus (s.) /
 Folds of the cerebrum
Gyri (p.)
Sulcus (s.) /  Spaces between the folds /
Sulci (p.) grooves
 Responsible for producing
Broca’s Area
language
Wernicke’s  Helps in speech processing and
Area understanding language
SPECIAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN
TRIVIA TIME!!
 THE
NERVE
 THE NERVE
• The building block of the nervous system
• Also called NEURONS
• CLASSIFICATION
1. LOCATION
- CRANIAL NERVES (12 PAIRS)
- SPINAL NERVES (31 PAIRS)
2. FUNCTION
- SENSORY NEURON (AFFERENT NEURON)
- INTERNEURON (ASSOCIATIVE / RELAY NEURON)
- MOTOR NEURON (EFFERENT NEURON)
 AFFERENT & EFFERENT NEURONS
AFFERENT NEURONS EFFERENT NEURONS
• Long dendrites, short • Short dendrites, long
axons axons
• Cell body at the side of • Cell body at the end of
the neuron the neuron
• Begins with a receptor • Ends with an effector
THE 12 CRANIAL NERVES
THE 31 SPINAL NERVES
 How does
NEUROTRANSMISSION
occur?
SOME IMPORTANT TERMS
• Presynaptic Neuron
• Action Potential
• Neurotransmitter
• Synapse / Synaptic Space
• Postsynaptic Neuron
• Transport Protein
• Synaptic Vesicle
THE NEUROTRANSMISSION
 DISEASES &
DISORDERS OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
 ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
• First described by dr. alois
Alzheimer, a german physician, in
1906
• A progressive irreversible decline
in memory and a deterioration of
various cognitive abilities,
characterized by the destruction
of nerve cells and neural
connections in the cerebral cortex
 COMA(TOSE)
• State of unconsciousness,
characterized by the loss of
reaction to external stimuli
and absence of
spontaneous activity
 EPILEPSY
• Sudden and recurrent seizures
caused by an absence or excess
of signaling of nerve cells in the
brain
• May include convulsions, lapses
of consciousness, strange
movements or sensations in
parts of the body, odd
behaviors, and emotional
disturbances
 HYDROCEPHALUS
• Accumulation of
cerebrospinal fluid in the
ventricles, or cavities, of
the brain, causing
progressive enlargement of
the head
 STROKE
• Aka cerebrovascular accident
(cva)
• Sudden impairment of brain
function resulting either from a
substantial reduction in blood
flow to some parts of the brain or
from intracranial bleeding
• Consequences may include
transient or lasting paralysis on
one or both sides of the body.
Difficulties in speaking or eating,
and loss in muscular coordination
QUESTIONS?

REMINDER:
Answer the attendance question and LAS 1 Week 1
Session in our Google Classroom
 HANDS-ON TASK
ACTIVITY 1. MAKE UP YOUR MIND
Construct a Brain Hat Model and take a 1-minute video explaining
the parts and functions of the cerebral lobe while wearing the model.
NOTE:
• Paste the cut-out brain hat model first on a folder to make it sturdy enough before assembling
it
• Color, and label the parts of the cerebrum
• RED – Frontal Lobe
• BLUE – Parietal Lobe
• GREEN – Temporal Lobe
• YELLOW – Occipital Lobe

SUBMISSION : March 28, 2021 via Google Classroom