BEJ

10403

CHAPTER 6
TWO PORT NETWORK
PART (01)
PREPARED BY: DR WARSUZARINA BINTI MAT JUBADI
CONTENT

◼ Introduction
◼ Two port network
◼ Impedance and admittance matrices of two-ports
◼ Terminated nonlinear two-ports
◼ The hybrid matrices
◼ The transmission matrices
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
✔ Study the basic types of two-port models
❖ Admittance parameters
❖ Impedance parameters
❖ Hybrid parameters
❖ Transmission parameters

✔ Understand how to convert one model into another

6.1 INTRODUCTION
◼ Two (2) reason why to study two port – network:
 Such networks are useful in communication, control system, power systems and
electronics.

 Knowing the parameters of a two – port network enables us to treat it as a “black box”
when embedded within a larger network.

In many situations one is not interested in the internal

organization of a network.
A description relating input and output variables may be
sufficient.
6.1 INTRODUCTION

1-port 2-port 2-port 2-port 1-port

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6.2 TWO PORT NETWORK
◼ A two-port network is an electrical network with two separate ports for input
and output.
◼ A port: an access to a network and consists of two terminals
I1 I2

+ Input Two port Output

+
V1 Port network Port V2
I1 − −
I1 I2

Fig. 3: A one port network Fig. 4: A two port network

A two-port model is a description of a network that relates

voltages and currents at two pairs of terminals
6.2 TWO PORT NETWORK
I1 I2

+ +
Input Output
V1 Port Two port Port V2
I1 − network −

I1 I2

- One pair of terminal : one-port - Two pairs of terminal : two-port

- Current entering a port = current leaving - Current entering a port = current leaving a port
a port
- V1,V2, I1 and I2 are related using two-port
network parameters

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 Two Port Networks
Network Equations:

Hybrid V1 = h11I1 + h12V2

Impedance V1 = z11I1 + z12I2 H parameters
Z parameters
I2 = h21I1 + h22V2
V2 = z21I1 + z22I2

Transmission V1 = AV2 - BI2

Admittance I1 = y11V1 + y12V2 A, B, C, D
Y parameters parameters
I1 = CV2 - DI2
I2 = y21V1 + y22V2
The two – port network may be voltage – driven or current – driven.
I1 I2

V1 + Linear network + V2
 

◼ Two – port network driven by voltage source.

+ +
I1 V1 V2 I2
Linear network
- -

◼ Two – port network driven by current sources.

Z – PARAMETER

◼ Z – parameter also called as impedance parameter and the units is ohm

(Ω)
◼ Impedance parameters is commonly used in the synthesis of filters and
also useful in the design and analysis of impedance matching networks
and power distribution networks.

10
◼ The “black box” is replace with Z-parameter is as
shown below. I I2
1

Z11 Z12
+ +
V1 V2
- -
Z21 Z22

◼ The terminal voltage can be related to the terminal

current as:
V1  z11 I1  z12 I 2 (1)

V2  z 21I1  z 22 I 2 (2) 11
6.3 IMPEDANCE PARAMETER – (Z PARAMETER)

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 Two Port Networks
Z parameters:

V z11 is the impedance seen looking into port 1

z  1
11 I I 0 when port 2 is open.
1 2

V z12 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the

z  1
12 I I 0 voltage at port 1 to the current at port 2 when
2 1 port 1 is open.

V
z  2 z21 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the
21 I I 0
1 2 voltage at port 2 to the current at port 1 when
port 2 is open.
V
z  2 z22 is the impedance seen looking into port 2
22 I I 0
2 1 when port 1 is open.

* notes
6.3 IMPEDANCE PARAMETER – (Z PARAMETER)

z11 and z21

Output port : open
I I I2 = 0
1 2
+
Input port : Apply voltage source
V
V
1
2

−
6.3 IMPEDANCE PARAMETER – (Z-PARAMETER)

z12 and z22

Input port : opened
I1 = 0

Output port : Apply voltage source

V1

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6.3 IMPEDANCE PARAMETER – (Z PARAMETER)
These parameters are call open circuit impedance
parameters
z11 = Open-circuit input impedance
z12 = Open-circuit transfer impedance from port 1 to port 2
z21 = Open-circuit transfer impedance from port 2 to port 1
z22 = Open-circuit output impedance

I1 I2

Equivalent circuit based

+ +
on these equations:
+ +
V1 − − V1

− −
6.3.1 Z- PARAMETER: RECIPROCAL NETWORK
• Linear network with NO dependent sources: RECIPROCAL
• Voltage source and ideal ammeter connected to the ports are interchangeable
• z12 = z21
I • Can be replaced with T-equivalent circuit:
Reciproca
V A
l
network
Z11-z12 Z22-z12

+ +
V1 Z12 V2
I
Reciproca − −
A l V
network

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6.3.1 Z- PARAMETER: RECIPROCAL NETWORK
• Network with mirror-like symmetry: SYMMETRICAL
• z11 = z22

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Example

Answer:
Solution
Alternative : Loop Analysis

V1 = 60 I1 + 40 I2
V2 = 40 I1 + 70 I2
EXAMPLE 6.1
Given the following circuit. Determine the Z parameters.

Answer:

BEJ10403/wmj/S11819
EXERCISE 1
Find the Z parameters

Answer:

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 LEARNING
EXAMPLE

Find the Z parameters

Write the loop equations

rearranging

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Y - PARAMETER

◼ Y – parameter also called admittance parameter and the units is siemens

(S).
◼ The “black box” that we want to replace with the Y-parameter is shown
below.
I1 I2

Y11 Y12
+ +
V1 V2
- -
Y21 Y22 26
6.4 ADMITTANCE PARAMETER - (Y PARAMETER)

The admittance parameters describe

the currents in terms of the voltages:

*The first subindex identifies the output port. The second the input port.
Y PARAMETER
y11 is the admittance seen looking into port 1
when port 2 is shorted.

y12 is a transfer admittance. It is the ratio of

the
current at port 1 to the voltage at port 2 when
port 1 is shorted.
y21 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the
current at port 2 to the voltage at port 1 when
port 2 is shorted.

y22 is the admittance seen looking into port 2

when port 1 is shorted.

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6.4 ADMITTANCE PARAMETER - (Y PARAMETER)
y11 and y21
Output port : shorted
I1 I2
V2 = 0
+ +
Input port : Apply current source
V V2 =
1 0

− −
6.4 ADMITTANCE PARAMETER - (Y PARAMETER)
y12 and y22
Input port : shorted
I1 I2
V1 = 0
+ +
Output port : Apply current source
V1=0 V2

− −
6.4 ADMITTANCE PARAMETER - (Y PARAMETER)
Equivalent circuit based on these equations:

I1 I2

+ +

V1 V2

− −

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6.4. 1 Y-PARAMETER : RECIPROCAL NETWORK
Linear network with NO dependent sources: RECIPROCAL
• Current source and ideal voltmeter
connected to the ports are
-y12
interchangeable
+ +
• y12 = y21 V1
y11+ y12 y22+ y12
V2
− −
• Can be replaced with π-equivalent
circuit

• Network with mirror-like symmetry: SYMMETRICAL

• y11 = y22

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Example 1

Find the Y – parameter of the circuit shown

below.

5Ω
I1 I2
+ +

V1 20Ω 15Ω V2

_ _ 33
 Solution

i) V2 = 0 V1  20 I a .......(1)
5Ω I2 5
I1
Ia  I1.......( 2)
25
+
sub (1)  (2)
V1 20Ω I1 1
Ia  Y11   S
_ V1 4
V1  5 I 2
I2 1
Y21    S
V1 5 34
ii) V1 = 0
I1 5Ω
I2
+

15Ω Ix V2

In matrix form;

 1 1
 4  
Y    1 5 S
4 
 
 5 15 
35
 LEARNING EXERCISE
EXAMPLE

Find the admittance parameters for the network and

sketch the equivalent two port model
6.6 Hybrid (h) Parameters
✔ Some two port network cannot be expressed in terms z or y
parameters but can be expressed in terms of h parameters
✔ Parameters can be determined by calculations or measurement

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6.6 Hybrid (h) Parameters
Equivalent circuit based on these equations:

I1 h11 I2

+ +

V1 + h22 V2
−
h11V2 h21I1
− −
6.6.1 h-Parameters (Reciprocal)
Linear network with NO dependent sources:RECIPROCAL

• Current source and ideal voltmeter

connected to the ports are
interchangeable
• h12 = -h21

Network with mirror-like symmetry: SYMMETRICAL

• h11h22 – h12h21 = 1

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6.6 Hybrid (h) Parameters
h11 and h21
Output port : shorted
I1 I2
V2 = 0
+ +

V1 V2 = 0 Input port : Apply current source

− − (Ω)

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6.6 Hybrid (h) Parameters
h12 and h22
Input port : opened
I1=0 I2 I1 = 0

+
Output port : Apply voltage source
V2
V1

(S)

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Example 6.4
Find the hybrid parameters for the two port network.
Example 6.4 (cont..)
T (ABCD) PARAMETER

◼ T – parameter or ABCD – parameter is a another set of parameters

relates the variables at the input port to those at the output port.
◼ T – parameter also called transmission parameters because this
parameter are useful in the analysis of transmission lines because they
express sending – end variables (V1 and I1) in terms of the receiving –
end variables (V2 and -I2).

44
◼ The “black box” that we want to replace with T – parameter
is as shown below.

I1 I2

A11 B12
+ +
V1 V2
- -
C21 D22

◼ The equation is:

V1  AV 2  BI 2 .......(1)
I1  CV2  DI 2 .......( 2)
45
◼ In matrix form is:
V1   A B   V2 
 I   C D   I 
 1   2 

◼ The T – parameter that we want determine are A, B,

C and D where A and D are dimensionless, B is in
ohm (Ω) and C is in siemens (S).
◼ The values can be evaluated by setting
i) I2 = 0 (input port open – circuit)
ii) V2 = 0 (output port short circuit)

46
◼ Thus;
V1 V1
A B
V2 I 2 0
I2 V2  0

I1 I1
C D
V2 I 2 0
I2 V2  0

◼ In term of the transmission parameter, a network is

reciprocal if;

AD - BC  1
47
 Example

Find the ABCD – parameter of the circuit

shown below.
I1 2Ω 4Ω I2

+ +

V1 10Ω V2

_ _

48
Solution

V2  10 I1
i) I2 = 0, I1
I1 2Ω
C   0.1S
V2
+ + V1  2 I1  V2
V1 10Ω V2  V2  6
V1  2   V2  V2
_ _  10  5
V1
A  1 .2
V2 49
ii) V2 = 0,
10
I1 2Ω 4Ω I2 I2   I1
14
+ I1
D    1.4
V1 10Ω I2
I1 + I 2
_
V1  2 I1  10I1  I 2 
V1  12 I1  10 I 2
1.2 6.8  14 
T    
V1  12 
 10 
I 2   10 I 2
 0 .1 1 .4 
V1
B    6.8
I2 50