Permutations

and Combination
 Factorial

∟
Factorial denoted by n and n!

Factorial only possible for non negative numbers

Where n! = n * ( n – 1 ) * ( n – 2 ) * ……. * 3 * 2 * 1

n is greater than 0
 Factorial
n! n * ( n – 1 ) * ( n – 2 ) * ……. * 3 * 2 * 1 n * ( n – 1 )!

0! (1) (1) (1)

1! ( 1 ) It means 0! Must be “ 1 ” 1 ( 1 ) * 0!
2! (2)*(1) 2 ( 2 ) * 1!

3! (3)*(2)*(1) 6 ( 3 ) * 2!

4! (4)*(3)*(2)*(1) 24 ( 4 ) * 3!

5! (5)*(4)*(3)*(2)*(1) 120 ( 5 ) * 4!

6! (6)*(5)*(4)*(3)*(2)*(1) 720 ( 6 ) * 5!

7! (7)*(6)*(5)*(4)*(3)*(2)*(1) 5040 ( 7 ) * 6!
 PERMUTATION
Permutation is an arrangement and selection of
numbers or letters

But in the selection,

Order of letters or numbers does matters.

The number of Permutation of n things, taken r at a time is :

Formula : n
Pr =
 The basic difference between permutation & combination
There are three letter A, B, C and permutation made with them
by taking two at a time – A, B, C

Order
AB of letters or numbers
AC does matters.
BA
6 – different ways
BC
CA
CB

Here, AB is possible than, BA is also

Possible in permutation.
 n
Pr =

6
P2 = = = = 30

7
P3 = = = = 210
How many different 3-digit numbers
can be formed with
four digits 1, 2, 3 and 4
if repetition is not allowed ?
How many different 3-digit numbers can be formed with four digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 ?
No repeat

By formula : n = 4, r = 3

4
P3 =

= = 24
 PERMUTATION
n
Pr =
In how many different ways can the latter of
the word ROSE be arranged ?

By formula : n = 4, r = 4

4
P4 =

= = = 24
 PERMUTATION
n
Pr = or =

In how many different ways can the latter of

the word ROSE be arranged ?

= = = 24
In how many different ways
can the latter of the word
TOFFEE
be arranged ?
In how many different ways can the latter of the word TOFFEE be arranged ?

Here, ‘ F ’ and ‘ E ‘ repeated two times therefore-

= =
 COMBINATION
It is only selection,

In this
Order of letters or numbers does not matters.

The number of combinations of n things, taken r at a time is :

Formula : n
Cr =
AND * MULTIPLICATION

OR + ADDITION
 n
Cr =
3
6
C2 = = = = 15

7
C3 = = = = 35
 The basic difference between permutation & combination
There are three person A, B, C We want to select two out of three.
The number of combination are : ABC

Order
AB of letter or number
AC does not matters.
BA
3 – different ways
BC
CA
CB Here, AB is possible than, BA is not
Possible in combination because they
Represent same combination.
 COMBINATION
n
Cr =

There are 15 persons in a group, select 2 person randomly

Find the different number of ways for selection.
By formula : n = 15, r = 2
7

15 = = = 105
C2
From a group of 10 MEN and 5 WOMEN,
4 person is to be selected such that
3 MEN and 1 WOMAN in the group ?
From a group of 10 MEN and 5 WOMEN.
4 person is to be selected such that 3 MEN and 1 WOMEN in the group ?

By formula : For MEN : n = 10, r = 3 and for WOMEN : n = 5, r = 1.

AND * MULTIPLICATION
10 5 = * OR + ADDITION
C3 * C1

= *

3
4

= *5 = 120 * 5 = 600
 From a group of
10 MEN and 5 WOMEN,
4 person is to be selected such that
Either 4 MEN or 4 WOMEN
in the group ?
From a group of 10 MEN and 5 WOMEN.
4 person is to be selected such that either 4 MEN or 4 WOMEN in the group ?
By formula : For MEN : n = 10, r = 4 and for WOMEN : n = 5, r = 4.
AND * MULTIPLICATION
OR +
10 5
C4 + C4 = + ADDITION

= +

= +5 = 210 + 5 = 215
 A basket contains
6 BLUE, 2 RED, 4 GREEN and 3 YELLOW balls.
If 5 balls are picked at random

Find the number of ways for selecting

The balls such that
at least one is BLUE ?
 We know that…

TOTAL WAYS = REQUIRE WAYS + NON - REQUIRE WAYS

Some time its not easy to find required possible ways

At that time we use given below formula :

REQUIRE WAYS = TOTAL WAYS - NON - REQUIRE WAYS

In this given question we use this formula

A basket contains 6 BLUE, 2 RED, 4 GREEN and 3 YELLOW balls.
If 5 balls are picked at random find the number of ways for selecting
The balls such that at least one is BLUE ?

Total number of balls : 6 + 2 + 4 + 3 = 15

Number of non-blue balls : 15 – 6 = 9

Number of ways of 9
selecting 5 non-blue balls = C5

Number of ways of 15
selecting 5 out of 15 balls = C5
Number of ways for selection such that at least one ball is BLUE :
In this given question we use given below formula

REQUIRE WAYS = TOTAL WAYS

- NON - REQUIRE WAYS

Number of ways of
selecting 5 out of 15 balls - Number of ways of
selecting 5 non-blue balls

15
C5 - 9
C5
 15
C5 - 9
C5 -

3 7 3 2 2

= 7 * 13 * 3 * 11 – 9 * 7 * 2

= 3003 – 126 = 2877