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    1 Lecture 1 Intro To Radiology

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    مركز ريلاكس للعلاج الطبيعي
    Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895 while experimenting with cathode ray tubes. He found that x-rays could pass through human tissue and capture images of bones and other internal structures on photographic plates. Radiology is the science of using radiation for medical imaging and diagnosis. X-rays are a form of ionizing electromagnetic radiation that can pass through materials to different degrees depending on their density. X-rays were an early medical application of radiation and are still widely used today.

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    1 Lecture 1 Intro To Radiology

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    مركز ريلاكس للعلاج الطبيعي
    14 views23 pages
    Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895 while experimenting with cathode ray tubes. He found that x-rays could pass through human tissue and capture images of bones and other internal structures on photographic plates. Radiology is the science of using radiation for medical imaging and diagnosis. X-rays are a form of ionizing electromagnetic radiation that can pass through materials to different degrees depending on their density. X-rays were an early medical application of radiation and are still widely used today.

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    1 Lecture 1 Intro to Radiology

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    Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895 while experimenting with cathode ray tubes. He found that x-rays could pass through human tissue and capture images of bones and other internal structures on photographic plates. Radiology is the science of using radiation for medical imaging and diagnosis. X-rays are a form of ionizing electromagnetic radiation that can pass through materials to different degrees depending on their density. X-rays were an early medical application of radiation and are still widely used today.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    14 views23 pages

    1 Lecture 1 Intro To Radiology

    Uploaded by

    مركز ريلاكس للعلاج الطبيعي
    Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895 while experimenting with cathode ray tubes. He found that x-rays could pass through human tissue and capture images of bones and other internal structures on photographic plates. Radiology is the science of using radiation for medical imaging and diagnosis. X-rays are a form of ionizing electromagnetic radiation that can pass through materials to different degrees depending on their density. X-rays were an early medical application of radiation and are still widely used today.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 23

    Introduction to radiology

    Zakarya alrazhi
    B.Sc. in Rad. Technology (AAU)

    M.Sc. in Medical Diagnostic imaging(UMST)

    772960955 ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية‬ 1


    History
     X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm
    Conrad Roentgen (1845-1923) who was a
    Professor at Wuerzburg University in Germany.
     Working with a cathode-ray tube in his
    laboratory.

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    Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen Radiograph of the hand
    772960955 ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية‬ of his wife, Bertha. 3
     Radiology

     It is the science that concern in studying


    radiation, application of radiation and its effects.

     Radiation

     Electromagnetic wave either ionizing or


    none ionizing with different energy,
    frequency and wave length.
    772960955 ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية‬ 4
     Radiograph:

    A radiograph is a film or other base material


    containing a processed image of an anatomic part of
    a patient as a procedure by action of x-rays.

     Radiography:

     The production of radiographs or other forms of

    radiographic images. (“process”)


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    ‫‪Types and Sources of radiation‬‬

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    Sources of ionizing radiation
     Natural background radiation
    Artificial sources of radiation
    Medical sources:
    Radiation has many uses in medicine.
     The most well known use is X-ray machines,
    which use radiation to find broken bones and
    diagnose disease.

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    Electromagnetic Spectrum
    Types of radiation
    Non-ionizing radiation
     People use and are exposed to non-ionizing radiation

    sources every day.

     This form of radiation does not carry enough energy

    to ionize atoms or molecules.

     Microwave, telephones, television stations, radio

    wave.
    772960955 ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية‬ 10
    Ionizing radiation
     Some types of radiation have enough energy that

    they can knock electrons out of their orbits around

    atoms, upsetting the electron/proton balance and

    giving the atom a positive charge. Electrically

    charged molecules and atoms are called ions.

     The radiation that can produce ions is called


    772960955 ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية‬ 11

    ionizing radiation.
    There are many types of ionizing
    radiation.
     The following are some of the relevant ones:
     Alpha radiation
     Beta radiation
     Gamma radiation
     X-rays
     Neutron radiation

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    X-rays
    X rays are a form of
    electromagnetic radiation with
    wavelengths that range from
    about 10−8 to about 10−12 meter
    corresponding to frequencies
    about 1018 Hertz (HZ)

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    ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية ‪772960955‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
    Properties of X Rays
    1. Penetration
     Able to pass through matter in varying degrees
     METALS = MOST DIFFICULT
     BONE = EASIER THAN METAL
     MUSCLE = EASIER THAN BONE
     AIR = EASIEST

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    Properties of X Rays
    2. Photographic Effect
    similar
    to light
    exposes film by darkening it
    MANY X RAYS = BLACK
    FEWER X RAYS = GRAY
    NO X RAYS = WHITE (CLEAR)

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    Examples:
    AIR = BLACK
    MUSCLE = DARK GRAY
    BONE = LIGHT
     METALS = WHITE

    772960955 ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية‬ 17


    Properties of X Rays
    3.Fluorescent Effect
    causes certain materials to
    emit light

    772960955 ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية‬ 18


    Properties of X Rays
    4. Ionization
    able to free electrons from orbiting around
    the nucleus of an atom
    energy of x ray used to "free" the electron
    ion pair= ionized atom and freed e-

    772960955 ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية‬ 19


    Ionization
    Ionization is the process of removing an electron
    from an electrically neutral atom to produce an
    ion pair. An ion is an atom or subatomic particle
    with a positive or negative charge.

    Ionization negative ion


    (electron)

    X-ray enters atom and strikes


    ++
    +
    electron, knocking it out of its
    orbit and creating two ions (ion
    pair). The ejected electron is the
    negative ion and the atom with a
    net positive charge is the positive positive ion: atom with
    ion. 3 protons, 2 electrons
    Properties of X Rays
    5. Biologic effects
     harmful effects caused by the ionization of
    atoms in living organisms
     Examples
     Cellular damage
     Tissue damage (radiation burns, etc.)
     Organ damage
    772960955 ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية‬ 21
    ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية ‪772960955‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
    ‫‪Thank‬‬ ‫‪you‬‬
    ‫مكتبة االصدقاء للخدمات الطالبية ‪772960955‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬

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