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Image Enhancement in The Frequency Domain

This chapter discusses image enhancement techniques in the frequency domain. It describes the basic steps for filtering images in the frequency domain which include shifting the image transform, taking the discrete Fourier transform, multiplying by a filter function, taking the inverse transform, and shifting back. Various types of filters are explained such as low-pass filters which smooth images, high-pass filters which emphasize edges, and homomorphic filters which can enhance illumination effects. Examples demonstrate the results of applying different frequency domain filters like ideal, Butterworth, and Gaussian filters.

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40 views43 pages

Image Enhancement in The Frequency Domain

This chapter discusses image enhancement techniques in the frequency domain. It describes the basic steps for filtering images in the frequency domain which include shifting the image transform, taking the discrete Fourier transform, multiplying by a filter function, taking the inverse transform, and shifting back. Various types of filters are explained such as low-pass filters which smooth images, high-pass filters which emphasize edges, and homomorphic filters which can enhance illumination effects. Examples demonstrate the results of applying different frequency domain filters like ideal, Butterworth, and Gaussian filters.

Uploaded by

musicstand29
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 2:

Image Enhancement in the


Frequency Domain
Basic steps for filtering in the
frequency domain

2
Basics of filtering in the
frequency domain
1. multiply the input image by (-1)x+y to center the
transform to u = M/2 and v = N/2 (if M and N are
even numbers, then the shifted coordinates will be
integers)
2. computer F(u,v), the DFT of the image from (1)
3. multiply F(u,v) by a filter function H(u,v)
4. compute the inverse DFT of the result in (3)
5. obtain the real part of the result in (4)
6. multiply the result in (5) by (-1)x+y to cancel the
multiplication of the input image.

3
Notch filter
• this filter is to force the F(0,0)
which is the average value of an
image (dc component of the
spectrum)
• the output has prominent edges
• in reality the average of the
displayed image can’t be zero as
it needs to have negative gray
levels. the output image needs to
scale the gray level
0 if (u, v)  (M/2, N/2 )
H (u , v)  
1 otherwise 4
Low pass filter

high pass filter

5
Add the ½ of filter height to
F(0,0) of the high pass filter

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Correspondence between filter
in spatial and frequency domains

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Smoothing Frequency-domain
filters: Ideal Lowpass filter

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The TF of the ILPF for 2-D
images in frequency domain can
be represented as,

1 if D(u, v)  D 0
H (u , v )  
0 if D(u, v)  D 0

9
image power circles

10
Result of ILPF

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Example

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Butterworth Lowpass Filter:
BLPF

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Example

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Spatial representation of BLPFs

15
Gaussian Lowpass Filter: GLPF

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Sharpening Frequency Domain
Filter:
Ideal highpass filter

1 if D(u, v)  D 0
H (u , v)  
0 if D(u, v)  D 0
Butterworth highpass filter
1
H (u , v) 
1  D 0 D(u , v)
2n

Gaussian highpass filter


 D 2 ( u ,v ) / 2 D02
H (u , v)  1  e

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Spatial representation of Ideal,
Butterworth and Gaussian highpass
filters

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Example: result of IHPF

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Example: result of BHPF

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Example: result of GHPF

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Laplacian in the Frequency
domain

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Example: Laplacian filtered
image

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Example: high-boost filter

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Examples

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Homomorphic Filter

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Result of Homomorphic filter

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