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    Glycolysis

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    soumilidescience
    Glycolysis is the first stage of breaking down glucose in respiration. It was discovered by three German scientists in the early 20th century. During glycolysis, glucose undergoes partial oxidation in the cytoplasm to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. There are 10 steps of glycolysis that involve phosphorylation, isomerization, and other reactions. The net result is the production of two ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvic acid molecules from one glucose molecule.

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    Glycolysis

    Uploaded by

    soumilidescience
    9 views9 pages
    Glycolysis is the first stage of breaking down glucose in respiration. It was discovered by three German scientists in the early 20th century. During glycolysis, glucose undergoes partial oxidation in the cytoplasm to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. There are 10 steps of glycolysis that involve phosphorylation, isomerization, and other reactions. The net result is the production of two ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvic acid molecules from one glucose molecule.

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    Glycolysis is the first stage of breaking down glucose in respiration. It was discovered by three German scientists in the early 20th century. During glycolysis, glucose undergoes partial oxidation in the cytoplasm to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. There are 10 steps of glycolysis that involve phosphorylation, isomerization, and other reactions. The net result is the production of two ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvic acid molecules from one glucose molecule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views9 pages

    Glycolysis

    Uploaded by

    soumilidescience
    Glycolysis is the first stage of breaking down glucose in respiration. It was discovered by three German scientists in the early 20th century. During glycolysis, glucose undergoes partial oxidation in the cytoplasm to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. There are 10 steps of glycolysis that involve phosphorylation, isomerization, and other reactions. The net result is the production of two ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvic acid molecules from one glucose molecule.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    GLYCOLYSIS

    A small topic from Respiration in Plants (Class XI)


    HISTORY
    • It was discovered by 3 German scientists Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and J. Parnas. So it is
    known as the EMP pathway.
    • Common pathway
    • Term glycolysis originated from
    Greek words, glycos for sugar
    and lysis for splitting.
    WHAT IS GLYCOLYSIS?

    • First stage in the breakdown of glucose or splitting of sugar .


    • In anaerobic organisms, it is the only process in respiration.
    • It occurs in cytoplasm of the cell.
    • Glucose undergoes partial oxidation to form two molecules of pyruvic acid.
    • In plants this glucose is derived from sucrose or from storage carbohydrates. Sucrose is
    converted into glucose and fructose by the enzyme invertase and these two monosaccharides can
    readily enter the glycolytic pathway.
    STEPS OF GLYCOLYSIS

    1. Phosphorylation
    2. Isomerisation
    3. Phosphorylation
    4. Splitting
    5. Dehydrogenation and Phosphorylation
    6. Dephosphorylation (ATP formation)
    7. Isomerisation
    8. Dehydration
    9. Dephosphorylation (ATP formation)
    C6H1206 (Glucose)
    ATP  ADP Hexokinase
    Glucose-6-phosphate
    Phosphoglucoisomerase
    Fructose-6-phosphate
    ATP  ADP Phosphofructokinase
    Fructose 1,6- phosphate

    Phospho-trioseisomerase Adolase
    Dihydroxyacetone phosphate/ 3-phosphate glyceraldehyde/ Triose phosphate
    Trose phosphate
    NAD+  Glyceraldehyde phosphate
    NADH + H+ dehydrogenase
    1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid
    ADP  ATP Phosphoglycerate kinase
    3-Phosphoglyceric acid
    Phosphoglyceratemutase
    2 x 2-Phosphoglycerate
    <-- H20 Enolase
    2 x Phosphoenol pyruvate
    <-- ATP Pyruvate kinase
    2 x Pyruvic acid
    Sucrose
    Invertase
    Glucose + Fructose

    Phosphorylated by hexokinase
    Glucose-6-phosphate
    Isomerises
    Fructose-6-phosphate
    NET PRODUCT

    • Two molecules of ATP are consumed during the double phosphorylation of glucose to form
    fructose 1,6-diphosphate
    • In return four molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation and two
    molecules of NADH2 are formed at the time of oxidation.
    • C6H12O6 + 2NAD+ + 1ADP + 2H3PO4  2C3H3O3 + 2NADH + 2H+ +2ATP

    • Two molecules of NADH + H+ on oxidation produce 6 molecules of ATP.


    • Therefore a net gain of 8ATP molecules occurs during glycolysis.
    THANK YOU

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