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Lecture 7 Amplitude Modulation - II

The document discusses different modulation techniques including single sideband (SSB) modulation, which sends either the upper or lower sideband of a double sideband signal to reduce bandwidth, and vestigial sideband (VSB) modulation, which partially transmits both sidebands to ease filtering requirements compared to SSB. It also discusses generating SSB signals using selective filtering or approximating the Hilbert transform, and demodulating SSB and VSB signals by multiplying by a cosine wave to recover the baseband message signal.

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11 views41 pages

Lecture 7 Amplitude Modulation - II

The document discusses different modulation techniques including single sideband (SSB) modulation, which sends either the upper or lower sideband of a double sideband signal to reduce bandwidth, and vestigial sideband (VSB) modulation, which partially transmits both sidebands to ease filtering requirements compared to SSB. It also discusses generating SSB signals using selective filtering or approximating the Hilbert transform, and demodulating SSB and VSB signals by multiplying by a cosine wave to recover the baseband message signal.

Uploaded by

njfdht24nm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Amplitude Modulation

Part-II
SSB and VSB
DSB  SSB

DSB signal
Message signal
Single sideband (SSB)

Each sideband
has enough
info to reconstruct
the message
(Move in by fc
extract I component)
3. Single Sideband Modulation
• In SSB modulation, we send either the upper sideband or the lower
sideband of a DSB-SC signal.
• Each sideband provides enough information to reconstruct the
message.
• But how do we physically reconstruct the message from an SSB signal
(SSB-demodulation)?
SSB
Demodulation
• The baseband message can be reconstructed if we can move the component near
+fc to the left by fc, and the component near −fc to the right by fc; that is, if we
move in the passband components towards the origin.
• This can be achieved by multiplying the USB signal by

• The undesired signal at can be suppressed out by LPF. Desired signal is recovered
at baseband.
• Hence, SSB signal can be demodulated by coherent demodulation like DSB-SC.
• Check that: same argument applies for LSB signal as well.
Time-Domain Representation of SSB Signals

• (ω)M(ω)u(ω),
• (ω)M(ω)u(-ω)

Let FT pairs are defined as


• (ω)
• (ω)
Time-Domain Representation of SSB Signals
• Since (ω) and (ω) are not even functions of ω, their inverse
Fourier transforms are not real functions of t (complex)
• (ω) and (ω) are conjugates i.e., (-ω) =(ω)
•=
• Again m(t)=+
• Therefore, from above, we can express

………………….(4.13)
Determine

• Applying time convolution property and

•
= Hilbert Transform of m(t)
If m(t) is passed through a transfer function H(w)

o/p 
Find H.T. of Cos (wt) and sin (wt)
• Thus, Hilbert transform is an ideal phase shifter that shifts the phase of every
spectral component by
• SSB signal in terms of m(t) and
• We see that

𝑈 𝑈𝑆𝐵

𝑢𝑈𝑆𝐵

𝑢𝑈𝑆𝐵

𝑢 𝐿𝑆𝐵
𝑢 𝑆𝑆𝐵
𝑢 𝑆𝑆𝐵 ¿
Ans.
Verify the result …
Generation of SSB Signals
1. Selective filtering method: Use a sharp cut-off filter to eliminate the undesired
sideband of DSB-SC. Such an ideal filter is unrealizable (sharp cutoff).
• However, if the baseband spectrum has little power near dc (f=0), we can use
gradual cutoff filter to eliminate the undesired sideband.
• Example: speech signal freq. component (f<300 Hz) are not so important. We
can have a 600 Hz transition region around fc.
2. Phase-shift method

 Implementing Hilbert transform avoids need for sharp filtering at passband


 To achieve phase shift for all freq. components over a band of freq. is also
difficult. We can, at best, approximate it over a finite band.
4. Vestigial-sideband (VSB) Modulation
• Generation of SSB signal is difficult
• Selective filtering method demands dc null in the modulating signal spectrum
• An ideal Phase shifter realization is impossible or realizable approximately
• Generation of DSB signal is much simpler but it needs twice the
message bandwidth

• Vestigial-side band also called asymmetric sideband system is a


compromise between DSB and SSB.
VSB signaling

• VSB is similar to SSB, in that it also tries to reduce the transmitted bandwidth
relative to DSB, and the transmitted signal is a filtered version of the DSB signal.
• The idea is to mainly transmit one of the two sidebands, but to leave a vestige (a
trace of something) of the other sideband in order to ease the filtering.
• Easy to realize such a filter
• Bandwidth requires 25-33 % extra than SSB signals.
VSB Modulation
• Consider the DSB-SC signal
2m(t) cos 2πfct ↔ M(f − fc) +M(f + fc)
• This is filtered by a passband VSB filter with transfer function Hp(f), to
obtain the transmitted signal with spectrum
• UVSB(f) = Hp(f) (M(f − fc) +M(f + fc))
VSB Demodulation
• When is is passed through a LPF, we should get the
demodulated o/p at inphase component

• The o/p of LPF after discarding high freq terms


How to choose VSB filter?
Structure of the filter Hp(f): A close Look
• Consider time-domain expression for the passband VSB filter impulse response

LPF

• For perfect demodulation: should be constant over message band [-


W,+W]
5. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

• Both DSB-SC and AM signal occupy twice the bandwidth required for
the baseband.
• This disadvantage can be overcomed by transmitting two DSB signals
using carriers of same freq. but in phase quadrature.
QAM Coherent Demodulation

Both I and Q components carry information


Standard practice in modern digital communication systems
Carrier sync. requirement for QAM
Complex envelope when the Rxd signal has a phase offset wrt receiver LO

Effect of rotation on I and Q components

• Attenuation in the desired msg. and interference from undesired msg.


• Thus, accurate carrier sync. is needed for perfect demodulation
• should be made close to 0
Example
Example 3.2.4
Message signal

AM signal

(time in milliseconds, carrier frequency 600 KHz)

Magnitude spectrum and bandwidth of AM signal?


Verify that modulation index = 3/5
AM signal passed through an ideal highpass filter with cut-off frequency 595 KHz.
Find explicit time domain expression for Q component of output (relative to 600 KHz
reference)

Easiest to just take inverse Fourier transform of complex envelope


(see text for alternative approaches)

Q component
Solution: Try yourself

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