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Module 3 Software Requirement For Data Entry Notes

This document discusses key concepts related to databases including: - The difference between data (raw facts) and information (processed data presented contextually). - That a database is an organized collection of interrelated data that can be integrated, shared, and concurrently accessed. - That a database management system (DBMS) enables users to create and manage databases through a collection of programs. - The three main types of data models - object based (e.g. entity-relationship model), hierarchical, and relational.

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8 views

Module 3 Software Requirement For Data Entry Notes

This document discusses key concepts related to databases including: - The difference between data (raw facts) and information (processed data presented contextually). - That a database is an organized collection of interrelated data that can be integrated, shared, and concurrently accessed. - That a database management system (DBMS) enables users to create and manage databases through a collection of programs. - The three main types of data models - object based (e.g. entity-relationship model), hierarchical, and relational.

Uploaded by

nirmala vimal
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Technical Terms

• Data-raw and isolated facts about an entity(recorded)


• Example:Each student's test score is one piece of data.
• Information-is a processed, organized data presented in a given
context and is useful to humans.
• Example:The average score of a class or of the entire school is
information that can be derived from the given data.
• 95data;
• 95+score(context or meaning)Information

IT18305-Database Systems/Unit I(Relational Database 2


s)
Database
• Database-organized collection of interrelated data.

IT18305-Database Systems/Unit I(Relational Database 3


s)
Points to remember

• Data in the database :


-is integrated
-can be shared
-can be concurrently accessed

IT18305-Database Systems/Unit I(Relational Database 4


s)
Example (database can be shared)

IT18305-Database Systems/Unit I(Relational Database 5


s)
Database Systems or Database
Management Systems(DBMS)
• Database Management Systems-Collection of programs which
enables user to create and mange DB.
• DBMS=DB+ software to interact with DB

IT18305-Database Systems/Unit I(Relational Database 6


s)
Types of Data Models
• Object based logical model
• Record based logical model
1) Hierarchical Data Model
2)Network Data Model
3)Relational Data Model

• The object based models use the concepts of entities or objects and
relationships among them rather than the implementation based
concepts, such as records, used in the record based models.
Object Based Logical Model
• Entity-Relationship Model (E-R Model) is a widely known object based
logical model.
• They are used to describe data at the conceptual and the view level.
• The E-R Model is based on the perception of the real world that
consists of a collection of basic objects called entities, and of
relationships among these objects.
• Identify entities from the user requirement and also its attributes
then start developing this model.
Object Based Logical Model(E-R Model)
Record based Model
They are used to describe data at the conceptual and the view level.
Record based models are so named because the database is structured
in fixed format records of several types .
Each record type defines a fixed number of fields or attributes and each
field is usually of a fixed length.
The use of fixed length records simplifies the physical level
implementation of the database.
Hierarchical Data Model
• The hierarchical data model organizes data in a tree structure. There
is a hierarchy of parent and child data segments. This structure
implies that a record can have repeating information, generally in the
child data segments.
• In a hierarchical database, the parent-child relationship is one to
many. This restricts a child segment to having only one parent
segment.
• Hierarchical DBMSs were popular from the late 1960s, with the
introduction of IBM’s Information Management System (IMS) DBMS,
through the 1970s.
Hierarchical Data Model
• Example: Consider the banking system. Figure shows the hierarchical
representation of Customer_Details and Customer_Loan records from
Customer_Details and Customer_Loan files respectively.
Network Data Model
• The network model permitted the modeling of many-to-many
relationships in data. In 1971, the Conference on Data Systems
Languages (CODASYL) formally defined the network model.
• Data in the network model is represented by a collection of records
and the relationships among data are represented by links (pointers).
The records in the database are organized as collections of graphs.
Example: IDMS(Integrated Database Management System)
Network Data Model
Relational Data Model
• The relational model uses a collection of tables (relations), each of
which is assigned a unique name, to represent both data and the
relationships among those data.
• A table has a specified number of columns but can have any number
of rows.
Relational Data Model(Example)
Relational Data Model(Example)
Data Entry Requirements
• Data Entry Operator should be skilled in using the standard
alphanumeric keyboard to perform data entry operations.
• The kind of data they deal with is unstructured that should be
entered into the appropriate computer application andorganized for
analysis.
• Verify before entry
• After entering proof read it
Data verification
• Verify the entered data to avoid discrepancy
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Data Analysis steps
Alphanumeric Data entry
• Both numbers and characters will be there
• Ex:701MarketDr.

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