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PhySci - Formation of Elements

The document discusses the formation of elements in the universe through various nuclear reactions. It explains that the Big Bang theory describes how the lightest elements formed shortly after the expansion of the early universe from extreme energy and heat. Heavier elements were then created through stellar nucleosynthesis in the cores of stars via nuclear fusion. During supernova explosions, even heavier elements were formed through further fusion or radioactive decay processes. Nuclear fission and radioactive decay also contribute to element formation over time.

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HU11P1 Alvarico
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32 views35 pages

PhySci - Formation of Elements

The document discusses the formation of elements in the universe through various nuclear reactions. It explains that the Big Bang theory describes how the lightest elements formed shortly after the expansion of the early universe from extreme energy and heat. Heavier elements were then created through stellar nucleosynthesis in the cores of stars via nuclear fusion. During supernova explosions, even heavier elements were formed through further fusion or radioactive decay processes. Nuclear fission and radioactive decay also contribute to element formation over time.

Uploaded by

HU11P1 Alvarico
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FORMATION OF ELEMENTS

The accepted way of writing a


nuclide…
How were the
elements formed
BIG BANG THEORY

This theory explains the


formation of the elements in the
universe from the inflation of a
singularity and answers about
how the universe came into being.
Nuclear Reaction involved in the formation of
different elements.

Nuclear Reaction
• fusion
• fission
• radioactive decay
• NUCLEAR FUSION
- combining of protons and neutrons to form
certain species of atomic nuclei due to extreme
energy and high temperature
• NUCLEAR FISSION
- the decoupling of protons and neutron
• RADIOACTIVE DECAY
- also known as nuclear decay, the process in
which unstable atomic nucleus loses and
gaining energy by radiation.
Nuclear Reaction

Fission Fusion
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

• is the process that


creates new atomic
nuclei from pre-existing
nucleons, primarily
protons and neutrons.
Bigbang or Primordial Nucleosynthesis:
Refers to the process of producing the light
elements shortly after the bigbang.
ISOTOPE
- Is a form of an element that has the same
atomic number of the original element but
with different atomic mass or mass number
FORMATION OF HEAVIER
ELEMENTS
STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

• Is a process by which elements are created


within stars by combining together the proton
and neutrons from the nuclei of lighter
elements.
• Responsible in the formation of elements from
Be to Fe
SUPERNOVA

Massive explosion of star


• B decay process takes place after neutron
capture reaction.
Lets Practice Answer key

1. 4He
He +n
3
+ 0Y 2

2. 158
Tb
158
Gd + 0e 65

64 -1

3. 24 Mg
+ 4He 28
Si + 0Y 12

2 14
4. 4He
238
U 234
Th + + 0Y 2

92 90

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