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Notes 1 Power System Evolution EPIRA

The document summarizes the history and evolution of power systems from early DC systems to modern AC systems. It describes key developments like the invention of the transformer that enabled AC power transmission. It also discusses the growth of interconnected power grids for more efficient and reliable energy generation and transmission. The principal divisions of modern power systems are generation, transmission, and distribution systems. Generation facilities produce power which is stepped up for long-distance transmission and then stepped down for distribution to individual customers.

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Randy jr. Wacas
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18 views13 pages

Notes 1 Power System Evolution EPIRA

The document summarizes the history and evolution of power systems from early DC systems to modern AC systems. It describes key developments like the invention of the transformer that enabled AC power transmission. It also discusses the growth of interconnected power grids for more efficient and reliable energy generation and transmission. The principal divisions of modern power systems are generation, transmission, and distribution systems. Generation facilities produce power which is stepped up for long-distance transmission and then stepped down for distribution to individual customers.

Uploaded by

Randy jr. Wacas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PO W E R S Y S T E M

ANALYSIS AN D D E S IG N

MICHAEL B. ORPILLA
EVOLUTION OF POWER
SYSTEM STRUCTURE
POWER SYSTEM
HISTORY/DEVELOPMENT
•1 ST
POWER SYSTEM
• FIRST ELECTRIC NETWORK IN THE US WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1882 AT NEW YORK
CITY BY THOMAS EDISON
• POWER WAS GENERATED BY DC GENERATORS – DC SYSTEM

• DRAW BACK OF DC SYSTEM?


• CANNOT BE TRANSFORM IN HIGHER VOLTAGE.
• COULD ONLY BE DELIVERED FOR SHORT DISTANCE. (HIGH LOSSES AT LONG LINES)
POWER SYSTEM
HISTORY/DEVELOPMENT

•1 ST
AC POWER SYSTEM
• TRANSFORMER WAS INVENTED BY WILLIAM STANLEY (1885)
• AC GENERATOR DEVELOPED BY NIKOLA TESLA
• AC SYSTEM CAN BE DELIVERED AT HIGHER VOLTAGE
POWER SYSTEM
HISTORY/DEVELOPMENT

• DEVELOPMENT OF HVDC
• DC TRANSMISSION LINE HAS ADVANTAGES IN TRANSFERRING MORE
POWER FOR THE SAME AC LINE DUE TO NO REACTANCE (NO SKIN EFFECT).
• INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN ISLANDS ARE MADE POSSIBLE DUE TO
HVDC LINK
• INTERCONNECTION OF DIFFERENT NETWORK FREQUENCY
POWER SYSTEM
HISTORY/DEVELOPMENT

• INTERCONNECTION
• UTILITY NETWORKS ARE INTERCONNECTED TOGETHER TO
FORM POWER GRID OF POWER POOL
• FEWER GENERATORS ARE REQUIRED AS RESERVED
• ENERGY GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION ARE MORE
ECONOMICAL AND RELIABLE.
POWER SYSTEM SNAPSHOT
GROWTH OF ELECTRIC POWER
SYSTEM
• AC VS DC
• AC- TRANSMISSION OF POWER AT HIGHER VOLTAGE (LESS CURRENT)
• DC- USE INVERTER AND RECTIFIER TO TRANSMIT HIGHER VOLTAGE
• IN AMERICA DC IS NO LONGER ECONOMICAL FOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM LESS
THAN 350 MI.
• THE PROBLEM FOR DC IS THE SUPPLY OF REACTIVE FOR REACTIVE LOADS.

• INCREASE OF VOLTAGE IN TRANSMISSION SYSTEM


• DUE TO INCREASE IN POWER TRANSMISSION (FOR MORE EFFICIENT
TRANSMISSION)
GROWTH OF ELECTRIC POWER
SYSTEM
• INTERCONNECTION- TECHNIQUE TO ADDRESS THE INCREASING DEMAND
• ADVANTAGES:
• ECONOMICAL, IT REQUIRES LESSER OPERATIONAL RESERVE (COMPARE IF NOT
INTERCONNECTED)
• POSSIBLE TO TRANSFER LOADS FROM REGION TO OTHER REGION

• DIS-ADVANTAGES
• STABILITY ISSUES
• HIGHER FAULT CURRENT CONTRIBUTION
POWER SYSTEM PRINCIPAL
DIVISIONS
• GENERATION
• IT IS WHERE ELECTRIC POWER IS PRODUCED
• POWER PRODUCING PLANTS
• CONVENTIONAL
• COAL
• NUCLEAR
• GAS
• OIL

• RENEWABLE
• HYDRO
• SOLAR
• WIND
POWER SYSTEM PRINCIPAL
DIVISIONS
• TRANSMISSION
• CONNECTING LINK BETWEEN GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• TRANSMISSION VOLTAGES:
• HV: 115, 138, 230 KV
• EHV: 345, 500, 765 KV
• UHV: 1000 TO 1500KV
POWER SYSTEM PRINCIPAL DIVISIONS
• DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• IT IS WHERE INDIVIDUAL LOADS ARE CONNECTED
• POWER SUBSTATION CONVERT TRANSMISSION/SUBTRANS VOLTAGE TO
DISTRIBUTION VOLTAGE
• DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER CONVERTS DISTRIBUTION FEEDER VOLTAGE TO
USABLE VOLTAGE LEVEL DEPENDING ON THE CUSTOMER.

• DISTRIBUTION VOLTAGES:
• SUBSTATION TRANSFORMER
• PRIMARY : 115, 69 KV ; SECONDARY : 34.5, 23, 13.8, 13.2 KV

• DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
• PRIMARY : 34.5, 23, 13.8, 13.2 KV
• SECONDARY : 480, 240, 120 VOLTS
ASSIGNMENT

• STUDY THE NEW POWER SYSTEM UNDER EPIRA LAW


• EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE REGULATED AND COMPETITIVE
• WHICH DIVISION OF POWER SYSTEM IS REGULATED AND WHICH IS
COMPETITIVE (AFTER EPIRA)
• WHAT IS DISTINCT DIFFERENCE OF POWER SYSTEM OPERATION BEFORE AND
AFTER EPIRA LAW?

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