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Population

The global population has grown rapidly in recent centuries, taking over a billion years to reach one billion people but only 150 years later to reach three billion, and 30 years after that to double again to six billion. Population growth is driven by high birth rates exceeding death rates. While historically populations grew slowly, improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and economic development have reduced death rates without immediately reducing birth rates, leading to accelerated population increases. Most developed countries have since transitioned to lower birth and death rates.

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10 views10 pages

Population

The global population has grown rapidly in recent centuries, taking over a billion years to reach one billion people but only 150 years later to reach three billion, and 30 years after that to double again to six billion. Population growth is driven by high birth rates exceeding death rates. While historically populations grew slowly, improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and economic development have reduced death rates without immediately reducing birth rates, leading to accelerated population increases. Most developed countries have since transitioned to lower birth and death rates.

Uploaded by

tinsae tewodros
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Global population growth

• At present, the world's population is growing fast -


though this has not always been the case
• Until the 1800s the world's population grew steadily but
slowly for thousands of years.
• In 1804 the world's population reached one billion.
• 150 years later, in the early 1970s, the world's
population reached three billion.
• In 1999, less than 30 years later, the population doubled
to six billion.
• The global rate of population growth is now very fast
(rising by about one billion every 15 years)
Important terms and rate of change
• Birth Rate: the number of live births per 1,000 of population
per year
• Death Rate: the number of deaths per 1,000 of population
per year
• Fertility Rate: the average number of children people in a
country or region will have in their lifetime
• Infant Mortality Rate: proportion of children dying at birth
or before their first birthday
• Life Expectancy: the average age a person is expected to live

• Natural Increase: when the birth rate is higher than the


death rate
• Natural Decrease: when the death rate is higher than the
birth rate
• Net migration rate is the difference between immigration
and emigration rate
Causes of population increase
 Early marriages – in some countries, people marry
when they are as young as 15 years old. Women who
marry young are likely to have more children than
those who marry later.
 Children are seen as wealth – in some Asian
countries, children are regarded as assets because
they can help in the farms and bring in additional
income for their families
 High number of death among children – in some
LEDCs where health care services are lacking,
children die at a very young age. So they have more
children in case some die early.
 Preference of male child – some families prefer boys
to girls and in their quest to have baby boys, they
end up having more children than necessary
 Religious beliefs – some of the religions do not allow
use of contraceptives and abortion. Like the Roman
Catholic do not allowed doing abortion and the
Muslims allowed to practice polygamy
 Lack of knowledge on birth control – people who are
ignorant of birth control methods may have more
children than they really want. People may be
ignorant because they are illiterate or not well-
informed if information on birth control is not readily
available
Demographic Transition Model
• The historical shift of birth and death rate from high
to low levels in a population known as Demographic
Transition
• The Demographic Transtional Model is a
simplification of reality to help us understand the
most important aspects of process.
• It is a broad generalization about population growth
since the middle of the eighteenth century
• No country as a whole retains the characteristics of
Stage 1
• The poorest of the less developed countries are in
Stage 2
• Most less developed countries which have
undergone significant social and economical
changes are in Stage 3
• Most less developed countries which have
undergone significant social and economical
changes are in Stage 3

• Some of the newly industrialized countries


(NIC) such as South Korea and Taiwan are in
Stage 4.
• Some of the countries in Eastern and
Southern Europe experience or pass through
Stage 5.
The Different Stages Of The Demographic Transition Model
Explained
• Stage 1: High birth rate, high death rate. Low population
growth due to famine, disease, and natural disasters.
• Stage 2: The economy improves. Money is spent on healthcare
and clean water. Birth rate stays high, death rate drops a lot.
Population increases.
• Stage 3: Social and economic development continues. People
start having less children as most children survive to
adulthood.
• Stage 4: The country is now wealthy. Family planning is
widespread. Low birth rate and death rate. Small population
growth.
• Stage 5: People have very few children. The death rate is
higher than the birth rate. The population starts to decline.

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