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Limit of A Function

The document discusses limits of functions and how to evaluate one-sided limits and limits as x approaches a certain value c. It defines the limit of a function and one-sided limits from the left and right sides. It provides examples of how to evaluate limits, including constructing tables of x-values approaching c and evaluating the function outputs. The document also outlines several limit laws for sums, differences, constants, products, quotients, and powers that can be used to evaluate limits. It provides examples of applying these limit laws to solve for specific limits of functions.

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71 views37 pages

Limit of A Function

The document discusses limits of functions and how to evaluate one-sided limits and limits as x approaches a certain value c. It defines the limit of a function and one-sided limits from the left and right sides. It provides examples of how to evaluate limits, including constructing tables of x-values approaching c and evaluating the function outputs. The document also outlines several limit laws for sums, differences, constants, products, quotients, and powers that can be used to evaluate limits. It provides examples of applying these limit laws to solve for specific limits of functions.

Uploaded by

rinxxxsorsoros
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIMIT OF A

FUNCTION
BASIC CALCULUS
3RD QUARTER
LIMIT OF A FUNCTION

- the value (L) it approaches


as the value of x approaches
a certain value (c)
LIMIT OF A FUNCTION

The limit of the function of x as x


approaches c is equivalent to L
ONE-SIDED LIMIT
- the value (L) as x value gets closer
to a certain value (c) from one side
only
- Either from left or right side
ONE-SIDED LIMIT

lim f(x) = L lim f(x) = L


x c x c

FROM FROM
LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE
EXAMPLE:

Given function f(x) = x + 3,


solve for its limit when x
approaches 2 and graph the
function.
EXAMPLE:
STEP 1. Construct a table of values.
x<2 f(x) x>2 f(x)

FROM LEFT SIDE FROM RIGHT SIDE


STEP 2. Choose 𝑥 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 that approach 2 from
the left side and also from the right side.
STEP 3. After choosing 𝑥 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 that approach 2
from the left and from the right side, evaluate each
input to its corresponding function and solve for its
corresponding output.
x<2 f(x) x>2 f(x)
0 3 4 7
1 4 3 6
1.5 4.5 2.5 5.5
1.9 4.9 2.1 5.1
1.99 4.99 2.01 5.01
1.999 4.999 2.001 5.001
STEP 4. Now that the output values on both tables are
solved, notice that it approach 5 as the inputs gets
closer and closer to 2. We can illustrate both tables as
one sided limits:

FROM LEFT SIDE FROM RIGHT SIDE


STEP 5. Since both one sided limits from the left
and right side is equivalent to 5, therefore the limit
of the function 𝑥 + 3 as 𝑥 gets closer and closer to
2 is 5.
LET’S TRY!

Given function f(x) = x - 10, solve


for its limit when x approaches 6
and graph the function.
LET’S TRY!
STEP 1. Construct a table of values.
x<6 f(x) x>6 f(x)
4 -6 8 -2
5 -5 7 -3
5.5 -4.5 6.5 -3.5
5.9 -4.1 6.1 -3.9
5.99 -4.01 6.01 -3.99
5.999 -4.001 6.001 -3.999

FROM LEFT SIDE FROM RIGHT SIDE


STEP 2. Choose 𝑥 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 that approach 6 from
the left side and also from the right side.
STEP 3. After choosing 𝑥 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 that approach 6
from the left and from the right side, evaluate each
input to its corresponding function and solve for its
corresponding output.
x<6 f(x) x>6 f(x)
STEP 4. Now that the output values on both tables are
solved, notice that it approaches -4 as the inputs gets
closer and closer to 6. We can illustrate both tables as
one sided limits:

lim (x - 10) = -4 lim (x - 10) = -4


x 6 x 6
FROM LEFT SIDE FROM RIGHT SIDE
STEP 5. Since both one sided limits from the left
and right side is equivalent to -4, therefore the limit
of the function 𝑥 - 10 as 𝑥 gets closer and closer to
6 is -4.

𝒍𝒊𝒎 ( 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎)=− 𝟒
𝒙→𝟔
Practice makes perfect

Given function f(x) = 3x - 10,


solve for its limit when x
approaches 4 and graph the
function.
EVALUATING LIMITS USING LIMIT
LAWS
CONSTANT LAW

- the limit of a
constant is the
𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒄=𝒄
constant itself
𝒙→𝒂
EXAMPLE: CONSTANT LAW

____ 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝟓=𝟓


𝒙→𝟐
-
IDENTITY LAW

the limit of x is a
when x
𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙=𝒂
approaches a
𝒙→𝒂
EXAMPLE: SPECIAL LIMIT LAW

____ 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙=𝟒


𝒙→𝟒
ADDITION THEOREM

- the limit of a sum is the sum of the limits

𝒍𝒊𝒎 [𝒇 ( 𝒙 )+ 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )]=𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )+𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )


𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂
EXAMPLE: ADDITION THEOREM

𝒍𝒊𝒎 ( 𝒙 +𝟐)=¿ ¿
𝒙→𝟓

𝒍𝒊𝒎 (𝒙+𝟐)=𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙+𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝟐


𝒙→𝟓 𝒙→𝟓 𝒙 →𝟓
SUBTRACTION THEOREM

- the limit of a difference is the difference of the


limits

𝒍𝒊𝒎 [𝒇 ( 𝒙 )− 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )]=𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )− 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )


𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂
EXAMPLE: SUBTRACTION THEOREM

𝒍𝒊𝒎 ( 𝒙 − 𝟕)=¿ ¿
𝒙→𝟏

𝒍𝒊𝒎 (𝒙−𝟕)=𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙−𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝟕


𝒙→𝟏 𝒙 →𝟏 𝒙→𝟏
CONSTANT MULTIPLE LAW

- the limit of a constant times a function is the


constant times the limit of the function

𝒍𝒊𝒎 [𝒄𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ]=𝒄𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )


𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂
EXAMPLE: CONSTANT MULTIPLE LAW

𝒍𝒊𝒎 [𝟓 ( 𝒙 +𝟑 ) ]=¿ ¿
𝒙→𝟒

𝒍𝒊𝒎 [𝟓 ( 𝒙 +𝟑 ) ]=𝟓 ∗¿
𝒙→𝟒
MULTIPLICATION THEOREM

- the limit of a product is the product of the limits

𝒍𝒊𝒎 [𝒇 ( 𝒙 )∗ 𝒈(𝒙)]=𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇 (𝒙 ) ∗𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )


𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂
EXAMPLE: MULTIPLICATION THEOREM

𝑰𝒇𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇 (𝒙)=𝟑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )=−𝟒,𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏:


𝒙→𝒄 𝒙→𝒄

=
= -12
DIVISION THEOREM

- the limit of a quotient is the quotient of the limits


(denominator must not be 0)

𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )
𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒙→𝒂
𝒍𝒊𝒎 =
𝒙→𝒂 𝒈 (𝒙) 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )
𝒙→𝒂
EXAMPLE: DIVISION THEOREM

𝑰𝒇𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇 (𝒙)=𝟑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒈 ( 𝒙 )=−𝟔,𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏:


𝒙→𝒄 𝒙→𝒄

=
POWER THEOREM

- the limit of integer power of a function is just the


power of the limit of the function

𝒑
𝒍𝒊𝒎 [ 𝒇 (𝒙 )] =¿ ¿
𝒙→𝒂
EXAMPLE: POWER THEOREM

𝟐
𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙 =¿ ¿
𝒙→𝟑

𝟐
𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙 =¿ ¿
𝒙→𝟑
Apply the different law limits to evaluate
the functions:

1. Find

2. Solve

3. Find

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