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    C Language Slideshow

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    C is a small, structured programming language with loose typing that uses extensive pointers. A C program consists of preprocessor commands, type definitions, function prototypes, variables, and functions. The C compilation process involves preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking to create an executable program. C supports basic data types, arithmetic operations, conditionals, functions, pointers, and dynamic memory allocation using standard libraries.

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    C Language Slideshow

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    851 views20 pages
    C is a small, structured programming language with loose typing that uses extensive pointers. A C program consists of preprocessor commands, type definitions, function prototypes, variables, and functions. The C compilation process involves preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking to create an executable program. C supports basic data types, arithmetic operations, conditionals, functions, pointers, and dynamic memory allocation using standard libraries.

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    C is a small, structured programming language with loose typing that uses extensive pointers. A C program consists of preprocessor commands, type definitions, function prototypes, variables, and functions. The C compilation process involves preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking to create an executable program. C supports basic data types, arithmetic operations, conditionals, functions, pointers, and dynamic memory allocation using standard libraries.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    851 views20 pages

    C Language Slideshow

    Uploaded by

    api-3735476
    C is a small, structured programming language with loose typing that uses extensive pointers. A C program consists of preprocessor commands, type definitions, function prototypes, variables, and functions. The C compilation process involves preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking to create an executable program. C supports basic data types, arithmetic operations, conditionals, functions, pointers, and dynamic memory allocation using standard libraries.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    C LANGUAGE

    Characteristics of C

    ∀• Small size
    ∀• Extensive use of function calls
    ∀• Loose typing -- unlike PASCAL
    ∀• Structured language
    ∀•Pointer implementation - extensive use of pointers for
    memory, array, structures and functions.
    C Program Structure

     Preprocessor Commands
     Type definitions
     Function prototypes -- declare function types
    and variables passed to function
     Variables
     Functions
    Creating, Compiling and Running
    Your Program
     Use any ordinary editor with which you are
    familiar to create the file

     The filename must by convention end ``.c''


    (full stop, lower case c), e.g. myprog.c
    The C Compilation Model

    Source code
    Preprocessor

    Compiler

    Assembly code
    Assembler

    librarie
    s Object code
    Link Editor

    Executable code
    The Preprocessor
    The Preprocessor accepts source code as input
    and is responsible for
     removing comments

     interpreting special preprocessor directives


    denoted by #.
    C Compiler
     The C compiler translates source to assembly

    code
    Assembler
     The assembler creates object code
    Variables

    C type Size (byte)


    char 1
    Unsigned char 1
    Short int 2
    Unsigned short int 2
    (long) int 4
    float 4
    double 8
    Arithmetic Operations

     Increment & Decrement operations

     Postfix and Prefix expressions

     example:- x++ is faster than x=x+1.


    Order of Precedence
     () [ ] -> .
     * / %
     + -
     < <= >= >
     == !=
     &
     ^
     &&
     ||
     ,
    CONDITIONALS

     IF STATEMENT
     ? OPERATOR
     SWITCH STATEMENT

    break and continue


    C provides two commands to control how we loop:

    • break -- exit form loop or switch.


    continue -- skip 1 iteration of loop
    FUNCTIONS

    returntype fn_name(1, parameterdef2,…)

    localvariables

    functioncode

    VOID FUNCTIONS
    Structures
    Collection of different datatypes.
    A structure is a user-defined data type.
    A structure is a collection of one or more variables, possibly
    of different types, grouped together under a single name

    Eg: struct student


    {
    int rollno;
    char name[10];
    float marks;
    }s;
    UNIONS

     A union is a variable which may hold (at different times) objects of


    different sizes and types .

    union number
    {
    short shortnumber;
    long longnumber;
    double float number;
    }
    * POINTERS

    C uses pointers a lot. Why?:


     • It is the only way to express some computations.
     • It produces compact and efficient code.
     • It provides a very powerful tool.

     What is a Pointer?
     A pointer is a variable which contains the address in memory of another
    variable .
    Dynamic Memory Allocation

    Dynamic allocation is a pretty unique feature to C .

    It enables us to create data types and structures of


    any size and length to suit our programs need within
    the program.

    Malloc
    Calloc
    Realloc
    FILES
    Files are the most common form of a stream

    Open a file:
    FILE *fopen(char *name, char *mode)
    fopen returns a pointer to a FILE.
    *name ?? *mode ??

    Reading and writing files


    The functions fprintf and fscanf a commonly used to access
    files.
    int fprintf(FILE *stream, char *format, args..)
    int fscanf(FILE *stream, char *format, args..)
    Basic String Handling Functions
     strcmp
     strcat
     strcpy
     strlen
     strerror
     strcasecmp
    DATA STRUCTURES

     Definition of data structures

    • Many algorithms require that we use a proper representation of data to


    achieve efficiency.

    • This representation and the operations that are allowed for it are called
    data structures.

    • Each data structure allows insertion, access, deletion etc.


    Why do we need data
    structures?

    • Data structures allow us to achieve an


    important goal: component reuse

    • Once each data structure has been


    implemented once, it can be used over
    and over again in various applications.
    Common data structures
    are

    • Stacks
    • Queues
     Lists

     Trees

     Graphs

     Tables
    SORTING TECHNIQUES
     Bubble sort
     Quick sort
     Insertion sort
     Selection sort
     Heap sort

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