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    Three Phase Circuits

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    charles
    This document discusses three-phase circuits. It explains that three-phase systems are commonly used for power generation, transmission, and distribution due to their efficiency and cost advantages over single-phase systems. It describes how balanced three-phase systems have constant real power that does not vary over time. The document also discusses unbalanced three-phase systems and how they can result in oscillating power. It introduces symmetrical components and effective apparent power as methods for analyzing unbalanced three-phase circuits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Three Phase Circuits

    Uploaded by

    charles
    17 views17 pages
    This document discusses three-phase circuits. It explains that three-phase systems are commonly used for power generation, transmission, and distribution due to their efficiency and cost advantages over single-phase systems. It describes how balanced three-phase systems have constant real power that does not vary over time. The document also discusses unbalanced three-phase systems and how they can result in oscillating power. It introduces symmetrical components and effective apparent power as methods for analyzing unbalanced three-phase circuits.

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    THREE PHASE CIRCUITS

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    This document discusses three-phase circuits. It explains that three-phase systems are commonly used for power generation, transmission, and distribution due to their efficiency and cost advantages over single-phase systems. It describes how balanced three-phase systems have constant real power that does not vary over time. The document also discusses unbalanced three-phase systems and how they can result in oscillating power. It introduces symmetrical components and effective apparent power as methods for analyzing unbalanced three-phase circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views17 pages

    Three Phase Circuits

    Uploaded by

    charles
    This document discusses three-phase circuits. It explains that three-phase systems are commonly used for power generation, transmission, and distribution due to their efficiency and cost advantages over single-phase systems. It describes how balanced three-phase systems have constant real power that does not vary over time. The document also discusses unbalanced three-phase systems and how they can result in oscillating power. It introduces symmetrical components and effective apparent power as methods for analyzing unbalanced three-phase circuits.

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    THREE PHASE CIRCUITS

    Dr.P.SELVAM
    AP/EEE,GCETLY
    Three-phase Sinusoidal Balanced
    System
    Usage of three-phase voltage supply is very
    common for generation, transmission and
    distribution of bulk electrical power
    Almost all industrial loads are supplied by three-
    phase power supply.
    Advantages over single phase systems such as
    cost and efficiency for same amount of power
    usage
    Balanced Three-phase Circuits
    Three-phase balanced system is expressed using
    following voltages and currents.

    (1.1)

    (1.2)
    Balanced Three-phase Circuits-
    Three Phase Instantaneous Active Power
    Three phase instantaneous active power in three phase system is

    (1.3)

    Where pa(t), pb(t) and pc(t) are expressed similar to single phase system

    (1.4)

    Adding three single phase instantaneous powers

    (1.5)

    Summation of terms in curly brackets is always equal to zero. Hence,


    (1.6)
    Balanced Three-phase Circuits-
    Three Phase Instantaneous Active Power

    It indicates for balanced three-phase system,


    the total instantaneous power is equal to the real
    power or average active power (P ), which is
    constant.
     This is the reason we use 3-phase system.
     It does not involve the pulsating or oscillating
    components of power as in case of single phase
    systems.
    Thus it ensures less VA rating for same amount
    of power transfer
    Balanced Three-phase Circuits-
    Three Phase Instantaneous Active Power
    Total three-phase reactive power can be defined as sum of maximum value
    of preactive(t) terms

    (1.7)
    Three-Phase Unbalance System
    Three-phase unbalance system is not uncommon in power system

    Three-phase unbalance may result from single-phasing, faults, different


    loads in three phases.

    To study three-phase system with fundamental unbalance, the voltages


    and currents are expressed
    Three-Phase Unbalance System
    The three-phase instantaneous power is
    Three-Phase Unbalance System

    This implies that, we no longer get advantage of getting constant power,


    from interaction of three-phase voltages and currents
    Three-Phase Unbalance System

    let us analyze three phase instantaneous reactive power q(t)

    Hence the definition of


    instantaneous reactive
    power does not match to
    that defined by Budeanue’s
    reactive power for three-
    phase unbalanced circuit
    Three-Phase Unbalance System
    Let us consider that only currents are unbalanced, then

    the instantaneous reactive power is

    The oscillating term of q(t) which is equal to e q(t)


    Three-Phase Unbalance System

    Which is similar to Budeanu’s reactive power.

    Symmetrical components
    To understand unbalance three-phase systems,a concept of symmetrical
    components introduced by C. L. Fortescue
    An unbalanced system of n-related phasors can be resolved into n
    system of balanced phasors, called the symmetrical components of the
    original phasors.
    Symmetrical components
    Symmetrical components

    can be written in matrix form as


    Effective Apparent Power
    The concept assumes that a virtual balanced circuit that has the same
    power output and losses as the actual unbalanced circuit.

    This equivalence leads to the definition of effective line current Ie and effective line to
    neutral voltage Ve.

    The equivalent three-phase unbalanced and balanced circuits with same power
    output and losses are shown in Fig

    From these figures, to maintain same losses

    the effective rms current in each phase is


    Effective Apparent Power

    For the original circuit shown in Fig the effective current Ie is computed

    To account same power output in circuits shown above, the following identity is used
    with Re = R

    the effective rms value of voltage is expressed as,


    Effective Apparent Power

    Thus the effective power factor based on


    When the system is balanced,
    the definition of effective apparent power
    (Se),

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