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Week 1 Algebraic Expressions - 2023 2024

This document provides information on performing operations on algebraic expressions, including: - Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing polynomials with more than one variable - Special products involving squares, cubes, and differences of squares/cubes - Factoring techniques for greatest common factors, difference of squares, and trinomials - Example problems for each type of operation and factoring technique

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Ashlie Jane
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
62 views15 pages

Week 1 Algebraic Expressions - 2023 2024

This document provides information on performing operations on algebraic expressions, including: - Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing polynomials with more than one variable - Special products involving squares, cubes, and differences of squares/cubes - Factoring techniques for greatest common factors, difference of squares, and trinomials - Example problems for each type of operation and factoring technique

Uploaded by

Ashlie Jane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Algebraic Expressions

ECE
Targeted Learning Outcome

1. Demonstrate the operations for algebraic and rational expressions.

Learning Objectives

1. Perform the different operations for algebraic expressions.


ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
Algebraic Expressions

A polynomial in the variable x is an expression of the form,


anxn + a n-1x n-1 + …. + a1x + a0
Adding Polynomials with More Than One Variable – add like terms
𝟐𝟕 𝒙𝒚𝒛 +𝟏𝟕 𝒚𝒛 +𝟓 𝒙𝒛 +𝟒𝟓 𝒙𝒚 +𝟑 𝒙𝒚𝒛 +𝟐𝟎 𝒙𝒛 +𝟕 𝒙𝒚 +𝟐 𝒚𝒛
¿ 𝟑𝟎 𝒙𝒚𝒛 +𝟏𝟗 𝒚𝒛+𝟐𝟓 𝒙𝒛 +𝟓𝟐 𝒙𝒚
Subtracting Polynomials with More Than One Variable – subtract like terms
𝟓𝟖𝒎𝒏𝒑+𝟐𝟑𝒏𝒑+𝟒𝟕𝒎𝒑 −𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒏− 𝟏𝟕𝒏𝒑 −𝟐𝟑𝒎𝒏𝒑 − 𝟓𝒎𝒏 −𝟐 𝒎𝒑
¿ 35 𝑚𝑛𝑝+ 6 𝑛𝑝+ 45𝑚𝑝 − 30 mn
Multiplying Polynomials with More Than One Variable – distribute to each
term and follow the rule of exponents
2 3 5
𝑚 𝑚 =¿𝑚
( 𝑥 3 𝑦 5 ) ( 𝑥 2 𝑦 5 𝑧 2 ) ( 𝑧 3 )=¿ 𝑥5 𝑦 10 𝑧 5
¿ 4
( ) 2 2 5 2 2 2 3
(2 𝑟 ¿ 3 𝑠 ) 𝑟𝑠 +5 𝑟 𝑟 𝑠 −(3 𝑟 𝑠 )(2 𝑟 𝑠 )¿
4 5 4 5 4 5
¿ 2 𝑟 𝑠 + 5 𝑟 𝑠 −6 𝑟 𝑠
4 5
¿𝑟 𝑠
Algebraic Expressions

Multiplying Polynomials with More Than One Variable

Special Products involving Squares

a(x + y) = ax + ay (Distributive Law)


(x + y)(x − y) = x2 − y2 (Difference of 2 squares)
(x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 (Square of a sum)
(x − y)2 = x2 − 2xy + y2 (Square of a difference)
Note: (x2 - y2) ≠ (x – y)2
Algebraic Expressions

Multiplying Polynomials with More Than One Variable


Special Products involving Cubes

(x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 (Cube of a sum)

(x − y)3 = x3 − 3x2y + 3xy2 − y3 (Cube of a difference)

(x + y)(x2 − xy + y2) = x3 + y3 (Sum of 2 cubes)

(x − y)(x2 + xy + y2) = x3 − y3 (Difference of 2 cubes)


RULES OF EXPONENTS

7 5 8
𝑚 𝑛𝑝
3 2 5
=¿ 𝑚
4
𝑛
3 3
𝑝
𝑚 𝑛 𝑝
3 8 2 6
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑦
=¿ 2 5
5 2 7
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑧
Algebraic Expressions

Dividing Polynomials with More Than One


Variable E x a m p l e 5 4
Problem 4𝑥 𝑦
3
Divide. 8 𝑥 𝑦 5

¿ 4 𝑥 𝑦
5 4
To m a k e it e a s i e r, y o u c a n
b r e a k u p t h e c o e ff i c i e n t s
a n d variables into n um er ic
¿ ( )( 3 ) ( ) a n d variable factors.
8 𝑥 𝑦5
¿ 2
Divide the coefficients, a n d
divide the variables by
subtracting the exponents
𝑥 w i t h lik e b a s e s .
¿
2𝑦
¿
Rewrite with positive
exponents.

Answer

T h e q u o t i e n t is .
Algebraic Expressions

Dividing Polynomials with More Than One


Variable
Example
9 2 7 7 3
Problem 36 𝑚 𝑛 −15 𝑚 𝑛 + 6 𝑚 𝑛
¿
Divide. 3 𝑚𝑛
To m a k e it e a s i e r, y o u
¿ c a n break the division
out b y the t e r m s in the

( )( )
3 polynomial since eac h
3 6 𝑚9 𝑛2 15 𝑚𝑛 7 6 𝑚7 𝑛 t e r m is bei ng divided
¿ − +( ) b y 2 x 2 y.
3 𝑚𝑛 3 𝑚𝑛 3 𝑚𝑛
¿ P e r f o r m t h e division of
e a c h term b y dividing
8 6 6 2 the and
¿ 12 𝑚 n −5 𝑛 + 2𝑚 𝑛 coefficients
dividing the variables
by the
subtracting
exponents of
variables like

with
bases.
Factoring

Greatest Common Factor


• find greatest factor common to every term
Ex. 8x3 – 4x2 + 2x = 2x (4x2 – 2x
Grouping + 1)
• factors common to some of the terms
Ex. 7xz + 42yz + 2x +12y 7z (=x + 6y) + 2( x + 6y)
= (x + 6y ) ( 7z + 2)
Difference in Two Squares
• One of the binomials contains the sum of two terms and the other contains the
difference of two terms.
General Formula: a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)
Ex. 49m 2 – 36n4 = (7m – 6n2) (7m + 6n2)
Difference of Cubes
• the difference in two cubes means that there will be two terms and each will contain perfect
cubes and the sign between the two terms will be negative
General Formula: Sum of Cubes: a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2)
Factoring

Trinomials
• trinomials factor to two binomials in product form
• method of trial and error will be used to mentally determine the factors that satisfy
the trinomial
Ex.
x2 – 2x – 35 = ( x – 7) ( x + 5)

3y2 + 10y - 8 = ( y + 4 ) ( 3y – 2)
EXERCISES
• Perform the following operations: Factor the following:

1. () 11. x2 – (r + s)x + rs
2.
12. 3ax + 6ay + 4x + 8y
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 . 𝟕 𝒙 𝒚 (𝟑 𝒙 + 𝟒 𝒙𝒚 −𝟖 𝒚 )
13. 9x 2 – 16y4
4. (3x + 2y)(3x – 2y)
14. x2 – 4x – 12
5. (5m + 2n)2
15. 2y2 + 11y - 21
6. (3s – 7t) 2

7. (3a + b)3

8. (4c – 3d)3
𝟐 𝟑
𝟑𝟑 𝒙 𝒚
𝟗. 𝟑
𝟏𝟏 𝒙 𝒚
𝟖 𝟑 𝟔 𝟒 𝟒 𝟓
𝟏𝟔 𝒙 𝒛 − 𝟒 𝒙 𝒛 +𝟔𝟒 𝒙 𝒛
𝟏𝟎 .
𝟒 𝒙𝒛
PROBLEM SET 1
A. Identify which property is applicable for the following equations.
1.( 2y + 5x ) – 7z = 2y + ( 5x – 7z ) ________________________________
2. 9x · 40 = 40 · 9x
3 3
________________________________
3. – 5 ( 9y + 8z ) = - 45y – 40z ________________________________
4. y3 ( xy + x3y3 + x2y5) = xy4 + x3y6 + x2y8 ________________________________
5. 89 x5z3 ( 1 ) = 89 x5z3 ________________________________
B. Perform the following operations. Write your solution on the space provided for each number.
6.(8a3b2+ 6a2b – 4b2 + 5) + (10a2b – 4a3b2 + 6a2 – 7)
2. (10a3 + 5b2 – 5c + 10) – (15 + 5c – 15b2 + 10a3)
3. (4a – 2b)(3ab2 - 5ab – 7b)
4. Expand (2s + 3)3
C. Factor the following. Write your solution on the space provided for each number.
7.– 7 x4y2 + 14xy3 + 21xy4
8.a2 – 36b2
3. 1 + 1000y3

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