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MATH 1 (Numeration Systems)

The document discusses numeration systems used by ancient civilizations including Babylonians, Mayans, Egyptians, and Hindus. The Babylonians developed a sexagesimal system with 60 as the base, which is still used to measure time, angles, and coordinates. The Mayans used a vigesimal system with 20 as the base and only three symbols: a bar for 5, a dot for 1, and a shell for 0. The Egyptians had a base-10 system with separate symbols for units of 10, 100, 1000 and so on. The Hindu-Arabic system originated in India and was further developed by Arabs, using 10 symbols and place value to represent any number.

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25 views6 pages

MATH 1 (Numeration Systems)

The document discusses numeration systems used by ancient civilizations including Babylonians, Mayans, Egyptians, and Hindus. The Babylonians developed a sexagesimal system with 60 as the base, which is still used to measure time, angles, and coordinates. The Mayans used a vigesimal system with 20 as the base and only three symbols: a bar for 5, a dot for 1, and a shell for 0. The Egyptians had a base-10 system with separate symbols for units of 10, 100, 1000 and so on. The Hindu-Arabic system originated in India and was further developed by Arabs, using 10 symbols and place value to represent any number.

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labanonrickyjohn8404
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NUMERATION SYSTEMS

BABYLONIAN, MAYAN, EGYPTIAN, & HINDUS


BABYLONIA Sexagesimal, also known as base 60 or sexagenary, is a

N numeral system with sixty as its base. It is used—in a modified


form—for measuring time, angles, and geographic coordinates.
This Babylonian number system began with tally marks just as
most of the ancient math systems did. The Babylonians developed
a form of writing based on cuneiform. Cuneiform means “wedge
shape” in Latin.
The sexagesimal system was an ancient system of counting,
calculation, and numerical notation that used powers of 60.
Rudiments of the ancient system survive in vestigial form in our
division of the hour into 60 minutes and the minute into 60
seconds

Here are the 59 symbols built from these


two symbols.
Mayans used a base-20 system, called the “vigesimal” system.
MAYAN Like our system, it is positional, meaning that the position of a
numeric symbol indicates its place value.
In order to write numbers down, there were only three symbols
needed in this system. A horizontal bar represented the quantity 5,
a dot represented the quantity 1, and a special symbol (thought to
be a shell) represented zero. The Mayan system may have been
the first to make use of zero as a placeholder/number. The first 20
numbers are shown in the table.
Unlike our system, where the ones place starts on the right and
then moves to the left, the Mayan systems place the ones on the
bottom of a vertical orientation and move up as the place value
increases.
The Egyptians had a bases 10 system of hieroglyphs for
EGYPTIAN numerals. By this we mean that they has separate symbols for one
unit, one ten, one hundred, one thousand, one ten thousand, one
hundred thousand, and one million.
Another number system, which the Egyptians used after the
invention of writing on papyrus, was composed of hieratic
numerals. These numerals allowed numbers to be written in a far
more compact form yet using the system required many more
symbols to be memorized. There were separate symbols for
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90,
100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900,
1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000
The Hindu-Arabic number system has its roots in ancient India. The system was
HINDUS initially described in the Vedas, ancient Indian texts, around the 6 th century BCE.
However, it was the mathematician Aryabhata who made significant contributions to
its development in the 5th century CE. Arab mathematicians later encountered this
system and made further refinements, leading to its widespread adoption.
Each digit’s position in a number determines its value. For example, in the
number 723, the digit ‘7’ represents 700 (7 x 100), the digit ‘2’ represents 20 (2 x
10), and the digit ‘3’ represents 3 (3 x 1). This system allows for the representation
of large numbers without the need for extensive symbols.
Zero acted as a placeholder and allowed for the representation of numbers with
varying degrees of magnitude. For instance, in the number 502, the zero indicates
that there are no tens. This concept of zero was crucial in simplifying arithmetic
operations and played a pivotal role in the advancement of mathematics.
The Hindu-Arabic number system uses ten symbols (0-9) to represent numbers.
These symbols are universally recognized and provide a standard notation for
mathematical operations. The digits can be combined to form any number, and their
place value determines their contribution to the overall value of the number.
By: Ricky John C.
Labanon
THANK
BSED MATH 1B
YOU!

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