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Neucle

Plant cells contain organelles that animal cells do not, including a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. The document outlines the key components of plant cells and their functions, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, and vacuoles. It describes how these organelles work together to carry out essential life processes like protein synthesis, energy production, cellular digestion, structure and transport.

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Ujala Singh
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72 views25 pages

Neucle

Plant cells contain organelles that animal cells do not, including a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. The document outlines the key components of plant cells and their functions, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, and vacuoles. It describes how these organelles work together to carry out essential life processes like protein synthesis, energy production, cellular digestion, structure and transport.

Uploaded by

Ujala Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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welcome

welcome
Cell
Fundamental unit of life
table of 01
Cell and Animal Cell
02
Types of cells: components.

contents:
03 04
Structure and basic functions. Protein synthesis.

05 06
Energy supply. Cellular digestion.

07 08
Support and movement. Storage and transportation.
Cell
Basic and fundamental unit of life,
it possesses a highly organized structure that
enables it to carry
out its vital functions.
Prokaryotic Prokaryotic
Dispersed genetic material
Lack a defined nucleus
in the cytoplasm.

Plant

Types Cellulose cell wall;


chloroplasts and vacuoles.

of Cells
Animal
Rigid cell wall;
may have flagella.
Eukaryotic
Have a defined nucleus
Protist
They can have a cell wall, without
differentiated tissues.

Fungal
Chitin Cell Wall;
they are heterotrophs.
plant
Cell
Plant cells are the building blocks of plants.
They are eukaryotic cells, meaning their
nucleus is contained within a nuclear
envelope. Plant cells differ from animal cells
because they contain a cell wall, a large
vacuole, and chloroplasts.
Composed of several fundamental components

Ribosome endoplasmic reticulum.


Cell membrane Nucleus Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria Lysosome and peroxisome Centriole Microtubules


Structure and basic
functions
These components work together to maintain cellular
homeostasis and perform essential life activities.
Cell membrane

The cell membrane surrounds the cell and is a


selective barrier between the interior and the
exterior.

Its primary role lies in regulating the passage of


substances, including nutrients and waste
materials.

Within it, specialized proteins play a crucial role


in facilitating molecular transport and cellular
communication.
Cell nucleus

An organelle that houses DNA, located in the


center of eukaryotic cells.

Its primary function is to store and safeguard


genetic information, controlling gene expression
and DNA replication.

It also contains the nucleolus, which is involved


in ribosome synthesis.
Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is a gel-like matrix containing


water, salts, proteins, and other molecules. It
occupies the intracellular space between the cell
membrane and the nucleus.

It plays a crucial role in biochemical reactions,


energy production, and substance transport.
Essential for cellular metabolism, it provides
structural support to the cell.
Protein Synthesis

Building and repairing cellular structures, regulating biological processes, and


expressing specific characteristics of each organism.
Ribosome
Ribosomes are essential organelles for cellular
functioning and survival.

They synthesize proteins using the genetic


information from messenger RNA (mRNA),
which is crucial for cellular structure, function,
and regulation.

Ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm and the


rough
endoplasmic reticulum.
Endoplasmic reticulum

A network of interconnected membranes that extends from


the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. It plays a
fundamental role in the transport, processing, and
distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell.

There are two main types of ER:

• The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is studded


with ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis and
modification of proteins.

• The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)


specializes in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate
metabolism, and detoxification.
Golgi apparatus
Key in the processing and packaging of proteins and lipids
produced in the endoplasmic reticulum.

It synthesizes carbohydrates and lipoproteins and is


essential for maintaining the cell's internal balance and
facilitating communication with the outside.

Composed of a series of flattened sacs called cisternae, it


acts as the 'shipping center' of the cell, sorting and
packaging proteins into vesicles for transport and
distribution.
Energy Supply

To carry out vital functions and necessary metabolic processes essential for the proper
functioning of the cell and/or organism.
Mitochondria

Present in eukaryotic animal and plant cells. Their


primary function is energy generation through
cellular respiration (ATP production).

The double membrane of mitochondria allows for


the organization of various stages of the respiratory
chain, making it crucial for cellular function and
survival.
Cellular Digestion

It involves breaking down molecules and unwanted materials, enabling the recycling
of nutrients and cellular maintenance.
Lysosomes
They contain digestive enzymes that break
down molecules and unwanted cellular
materials.

They facilitate cellular digestion, by disposing


of waste, recycling nutrients, and defending
against pathogenic invasions.
Support and Movement

Maintaining cellular shape, enabling cellular movement


and division, are essential for its functioning and survival.
Cytoskeleton

It is composed of protein filaments (microtubules,


microfilaments, and intermediate filaments) and
provides support and enables movement in
eukaryotic cells.

Its specific functions encompass stability,


intracellular transport, and contraction. Furthermore,
it regulates cellular shape and plays a role in
division, migration, and communication.
Storage and
Transportation
They manage nutrients, eliminate waste,
and regulate metabolic processes.
Vacuoles

Membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells and


some animal cells. They store nutrients, water, ions,
and waste materials, regulating turgor pressure
and osmotic balance.

Vacuoles can also be involved in the digestion of


substances and serve as a defense mechanism
against predators
by containing toxins.
Thank you!
By Harshit , Shivansh , Ojas ,
Kartik , Shourya Tripathi

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