Technical Talk

on

A COMPACT SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE

(SIW) INTERCONNECTS AND COMPONENTS

Ashutosh Srivastava
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electronics & Comm. Engg.
CMR Institute of Technology
Bangalore-INDIA

Mobile No.: +91 8105699479

Ashutosh Srivastava
OUTLINE

1 – Current Trends in Microwave Technology (5G and beyond)

2– Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Technology

3 – Broadband and Miniaturized SIW Interconnects

4 – Miniaturization of SIW Components

5 – New Materials (3D-Printed materials, Textile, Paper)

Ashutosh Srivastava
1 – CURRENT TRENDS IN
MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(TOWARDS 5G)

Ashutosh Srivastava
TRADITIONAL MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGIES

METALLIC WAVEGUIDES

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

DIELECTRIC RESONATORS,
ABSORBERS, RADOMES Ashutosh Srivastava
INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

IT/Networks

Security/Public safety

Industrial processes

Healthcare

Smart home

Energy management

Ashutosh Srivastava
INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) & 5G++

IT/Networks

Security/Public safety

++
5G
Industrial processes

Healthcare

Smart home

Energy management

Ashutosh Srivastava
CAN WE STILL USE THESE TECHNOLOGIES?

Traditional microwave technologies are not suitable for the many

emerging applications. A new paradigm is needed!

Ashutosh Srivastava
TECHNOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
The key points for the development of Internet of Things/5G are:

low cost easy integration of the

complete wireless system

mm-wave frequency
self-powering
simple
(energy harvesting)
design rules
wearable devices

This leads to the selection of:

 An integration technology able to combine active
efficiently elements, passive components, and
antennas;
 Suitable materials for each application. Ashutosh Srivastava
2 – SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED
WAVEGUIDE TECHNOLOGY

Ashutosh Srivastava
TRADITIONAL TRANSMISSION LINES
The guided wave propagation in the microwave region is preferably
obtained by using microstrip lines and metallic waveguides.

MICROSTRIP LINES (planar) TECHNOLOGICAL GAP METALLIC WAVEGUIDES (non-planar)

 Light and compact  Low losses

 Low fabrication cost  Completely shielded
 High losses  Bulky and expensive
 High cross-talk  Difficulties with active components
Ashutosh Srivastava
SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE
Substrate Integrated Waveguides (SIW) are novel transmission lines that
implement rectangular waveguides in planar form.

SIW consist of two rows of conducting cylinders embedded in a

dielectric substrate that connect two parallel metal plates.
Ashutosh Srivastava
 SIW COMPONENTS

SIW diplexer at 26 GHz

SIW circulator at 24 GHz

SIW post filter at 27 GHz

12 GHz SIW
oscillators

SIW dual-mode X-Band SIW amplifier

filter at 24 GHz X-band SIW mixer Ashutosh Srivastava
SYSTEMS-ON-SUBSTRATE (SOS)
Complete system integration by using one single technology!

Z. Li and K. Wu, “24-GHz Frequency-Modulation Continuous-Wave Radar Front-End System-on- Substrate,”

IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 278-285, Feb. 2008.
Ashutosh Srivastava
3 – BROADBAND AND MINIATURIZED
SIW INTERCONNECTS

Ashutosh Srivastava
SIW INTERCONNECTS
In classical SIW structures, the single-mode bandwidth is limited to
one octave and the width cannot be miniaturized, except for the effect
of the dielectric permittivity.
1600
full-wave simulation
1400
equivalent waveguide

propagation constant [rad/m]

1200 measurement

1000

800
f1 f2
600
w 400

200

0
10 20 30 40 50
frequency [GHz]

In some cases, wireless systems may require

broader bandwidth and smaller dimensions
Ashutosh Srivastava
MINIATURIZED/BROADBAND SIW
FOLDED SIW HALF-MODE SIW
metal via top metal layer virtual magnetic wall top metal layer
metal via metal via

metal septum
dielectric substrate bottom metal layer dielectric substrate
bottom metal layer
N. Grigoropoulos et al., IEEE Microwave W. Hong et al., 31th International Conference on
Wireless Comp. Letters, 2019. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 2020.

SLAB SIW RIDGE SIW

metal via top metal layer metal via ridge post top metal layer
metal via metal via

air holes metal strip

dielectric substrate dielectric substrate
bottom metal layer bottom metal layer

M. Bozzi et al., Intern. Journal RF & Microwave M. Bozzi et al., IET Microwave Antennas and
Computer–Aided Engineering, 2020. Propagation, 2021.
Ashutosh Srivastava
RIDGE SIW
The ridge SIW is based on a row of partial height metal cylinders located in
the broad side of an SIW and connected at their bottom with a metal strip.

M. Bozzi, S.A. Winkler, and K. Wu, “Broadband and Compact Ridge Substrate Integrated
Waveguides,” IET Microwave Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 4, No. 11, pp. 1965–1973, Nov. 2010.

Ashutosh Srivastava
 RIDGE SIW
A ridge SIW covering the frequency band 6.8–
25.0 GHz was designed and fabricated (with
168% bandwidth enhancement).

2000

mono-modal band
1600
propagation constant [rad/m]

1200

800
f1=6.8 GHz f2=25.0 GHz

400 1st mode

2nd mode
measurem
0 ent
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
frequency [GHz]
Ashutosh Srivastava
RIDGE SISW

The bandwidth can be further improved by adding air holes in the lateral
side of the ridge SIW, thus implementing a ridge substrate integrated
slab waveguide (SISW).

Ashutosh Srivastava
RIDGE SISW

A ridge SISW covering the frequency band 7.1–

30.7 GHz was designed and fabricated (with
232% bandwidth enhancement).

2000

mono-modal band
1600
propagation constant [rad/m]

1200

800
f1=7.1 GHz f2=30.7 GHz

400 1st mode

2nd mode
measurem
0 ent
5 10 15 30 35
20
Ashutosh Srivastava
25
frequency [GHz]
 TWO-MATERIAL RIDGE
SIW
The ridge SIW based on two different substrate materials has been
proposed to increase the single-mode bandwidth of the classical SIW.

FUNDAMENTAL (TE10) MODE SECOND (TE20) MODE

S. Moscato, R. Moro, M. Pasian, M. Bozzi, and L. Perregrini, "Two-Material Ridge Substrate Integrated Waveguide
for Ultra-Wide Band Applications," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
Vol. 63, No. 10, pp. 3175-3182, Oct. 2015. Ashutosh Srivastava
TWO-MATERIAL RIDGE
SIW
Top layer: Taconic TLY-5, thickness 1.52 mm, permittivity 2.2
Bottom layer: Taconic CER-10, thickness 0.64 mm, permittivity 9.5

-5 |S11| simulation
|S11| measurement
|S21| simulation
-10
|S21| measurement
S-parameters (dB)
-15

-20

-25

-30
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Frequency (GHz) Maurizio Boz zi – SPI 2019
TWO-MATERIAL RIDGE
SIW
Measurement of the second mode

Single mode bandwidth

almost 10 GHz (2.5-12 GHz)
Ashutosh Srivastava
4 – MINIATURIZATION OF SIW
COMPONENTS

Ashutosh Srivastava
FOLDED SIW FILTER
This filter is based on a folded SIW dual-
mode cavity, with insets in the central
metal septum.
The size of the filter is 0.4500.240.

R. Moro, S. Moscato, M. Bozzi, L. Perregrini, "Substrate Integrated Folded Waveguide Filter with Out- of-
Band Rejection Controlled by Resonant-Mode Suppression," IEEE Microwave Wireless Comp.
Letters, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 214-216, April 2020. Ashutosh Srivastava
 HALF-MODE SIW FILTER
The same filter can be implemented in
half-mode SIW, based on a single- layer
technology.
The size of the filter is 0.4200.200.

N. Delmonte, L. Silvestri, M. Bozzi, and L. Perregrini, "Compact Half-Mode SIW Cavity Filters Designed by
Exploiting Resonant Mode Control," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided
Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 72–79, Jan. 2020. Ashutosh Srivastava
QUARTER-MODE SIW ANTENNA
Quarter-mode cavities allow a size
reduction of a factor 4 and selection
of the resonant modes.

S. Moscato, C. Tomassoni, M. Bozzi, and L. Perregrini, "Quarter-Mode Cavity Filters in Substrate Integrated
Waveguide Technology," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 64,
No. 8, pp. 2538-2547, Aug. 2021. Ashutosh Srivastava
QUARTER-MODE SIW FILTERS
Size reduction of a factor 4 and selection of the resonant modes.

2 3
2-pole filter

4-pole filter
1
4
0
1 2
-5

-10

S-parameters (dB)
-15

-20
|S11| simulation
-25 |S11| measurement
|S21| simulation
|S21| measurement
-30
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency (GHz)

Ashutosh Srivastava
AIR-FILLED SIW FILTERS
Partially air-filled SIW cavities can be exploited to design band-pass filters with
transmission zeros. The relative frequency separation can be controlled by
changing the size a of the air filled portion.

Homogeneous cavity Partially air-filled cavity

C. Tomassoni, L. Silvestri, A. Ghiotto, M. Bozzi, and L. Perregrini, "Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filters
Based on Dual-Mode Air-Filled Resonant Cavities," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 726-736, Feb. 2021. Ashutosh Srivastava
 AIR-FILLED SIW FILTERS
Narrow-band filter
Broad-band filter

Ashutosh Srivastava
AIR-FILLED SIW FILTERS

Ashutosh Srivastava
 5 – NEW MATERIALS:
3D-PRINTING, TEXTILE, PAPER

Ashutosh Srivastava
 3D-PRINTED SLAB SIW ANTENNA
A substrate integrated slab waveguide (SISW) was implemented by FDM
by using ABS filament, by modifying the permittivity in the side portions.

Standard 3D-printed SIW 3D-printed slab SIW

50% bandwidth
enhancement.

E. Massoni, L. Silvestri, G. Alaimo, S. Marconi, M. Bozzi, L. Perregrini, and F. Auricchio, “3D-Printed

Substrate Integrated Slab Waveguide for Single-Mode Bandwidth Enhancement,” IEEE Microwave and
Wireless Components Letters, 2017. Ashutosh Srivastava
 TEXTILE COMPONENTS & ANTENNAS

-10

-20

S-parameters [dB]
-30

-40

INTERCONNECT FOLDED FILTER

-50

-60
S11 Simulated
S11 Measured
S21 Simulated
-70
S21 Measured
-80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
8
frequency [GHz]

R. Moro, S. Agneessens, H. Rogier, M. Bozzi,

“Wearable Textile Antenna in Substrate Integrated
Waveguide Technology,” Electronics Letters, 2021

2022 Premium Award for Best Paper

in Electronics Letters CAVITY-BACKED ANTENNA
Ashutosh Srivastava
INK-JET PRINTING ON PAPER SUBSTRATES
Collaboration with
GATech, Atlanta

SLOTTED WAVEGUIDE ANTENNA

S. Kim, B. Cook, T. Le, J. Cooper, H. Lee, V. Lakafosis, R.

INTERCONNECTS Vyas, R. Moro, M. Bozzi, A. Georgiadis, A. Collado, and M.
Tentzeris, "Inkjet-printed Antennas, Sensors and Circuits on Paper
Substrate," IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 7,
No. 10, pp. 858–868, July 16, 2021.

CAVITY FILTER Ashutosh Srivastava

 MILLING OF PAPER SUBSTRATES

HALF-MODE SIW

-10

-20
S-parameters (dB)

-30

-40

HALF-MODE -50
|S11| simulation
|S11| measurement

SIW FILTER -60

|S21| simulation
|S21| measurement

2 4 6 8
Frequency (GHz)
10 12 QUARTER-MODE SIW FILTER
14

S. Moscato, R. Moro, M. Pasian, M. Bozzi, and L. Perregrini, “An Innovative Manufacturing Approach for Paper-
based Substrate Integrated Waveguide Components and Antennas,” IET Microwaves, Antennas and
Propagation, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 256–263, 19 Feb. 2016. Ashutosh Srivastava
CONCLUSION

 The next generation of wireless systems for application in the Internet

of Things, 5G and beyond will require a completely new approach
for the integration technology and material selection.

 Substrate Integrated Waveguide is an excellent candidate to

integrate complete systems at microwave and millimeter waves.

 The use of novel materials like paper, textile, and 3D-printed

materials has been demonstrated for the manufacturing of SIW
components and antennas.

Ashutosh Srivastava