Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 72 views

    S K Agarwal

    Uploaded by

    Dhananjay Yadav
    This document discusses the advantages of nuclear power as an option for electricity generation. It notes that electricity is the preferred form of energy and its demand is growing faster than overall energy demand. Nuclear power provides a highly concentrated source of energy in a compact form, with no emissions of greenhouse gases or other pollutants. Nuclear power plants produce very low levels of radioactive waste and have a small footprint compared to other energy sources. The document outlines India's three stage nuclear power program to achieve 40,000 MW of nuclear capacity by 2020-2030 through domestic projects and international cooperation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    S K Agarwal

    Uploaded by

    Dhananjay Yadav
    72 views39 pages
    This document discusses the advantages of nuclear power as an option for electricity generation. It notes that electricity is the preferred form of energy and its demand is growing faster than overall energy demand. Nuclear power provides a highly concentrated source of energy in a compact form, with no emissions of greenhouse gases or other pollutants. Nuclear power plants produce very low levels of radioactive waste and have a small footprint compared to other energy sources. The document outlines India's three stage nuclear power program to achieve 40,000 MW of nuclear capacity by 2020-2030 through domestic projects and international cooperation.

    Original Title

    S_K_agarwal

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses the advantages of nuclear power as an option for electricity generation. It notes that electricity is the preferred form of energy and its demand is growing faster than overall energy demand. Nuclear power provides a highly concentrated source of energy in a compact form, with no emissions of greenhouse gases or other pollutants. Nuclear power plants produce very low levels of radioactive waste and have a small footprint compared to other energy sources. The document outlines India's three stage nuclear power program to achieve 40,000 MW of nuclear capacity by 2020-2030 through domestic projects and international cooperation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    72 views39 pages

    S K Agarwal

    Uploaded by

    Dhananjay Yadav
    This document discusses the advantages of nuclear power as an option for electricity generation. It notes that electricity is the preferred form of energy and its demand is growing faster than overall energy demand. Nuclear power provides a highly concentrated source of energy in a compact form, with no emissions of greenhouse gases or other pollutants. Nuclear power plants produce very low levels of radioactive waste and have a small footprint compared to other energy sources. The document outlines India's three stage nuclear power program to achieve 40,000 MW of nuclear capacity by 2020-2030 through domestic projects and international cooperation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 39

    Nuclear Power: A Clean & Green Option

    Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited

    S.K.AGRAWAL DIRECTOR (PROJECTS)

    We need Energy

    For Economic Growth To Improve Human Development To Protect Environment

    Electricity is the most Preferred form of Energy


    Convenient to Use Versatile Comparatively Safe at end-use Its demand is growing much faster than that for the Overall Energy

    Electricity Consumption
    Per-Capita Electricity Consumption has a direct relationship with Human Development

    Energy Opulence and Energy Poverty


    Per Capita Electricity Consumption kWh (2003)
    14200 12200 10200
    Kwh

    13066

    8200 6200 4200 2200 200 India World Average China

    7007

    7816

    8044

    2471 553

    1379
    South Korea Japan OECD USA

    Options for Electicity Generation


    Coal, Gas Hydropower, Nuclear Power, Oil and Renewables- biomass, wind energy, solar energy, etc

    World Production of Electricity by the Fuel in 2002:

    Source: OECD/IEA World Energy Outlook 2004

    The Nuclear Power Option

    Present Status (end 2006):


    No of Units in Operation:439 Total Installed Capacity: 371671 (MWe) No of Units under Construction: 30 Total Installed Capacity: 23414
    (Source: IAEA)

    Reactors in Operation (Aug 8, 2007)

    Source: IAEA

    Nuclear Share of Electricity (end 2006)

    Source: IAEA

    Nuclear Energy Availability Factor %

    Source: IAEA

    Performance Trend- India

    The Nuclear Power Advantage

    Highly Concentrated Source of Energy


    1

    kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg

    wood: 1 kWh coal: 3 kWh oil: 4 kWh uranium: 50 000 kWh

    (3 500 000 kWh with reprocessing)

    Advantages of Concentrated Source


    Operation of a 1000 MW(e) plant will require each year:
    Coal: Oil: Uranium:
    2 600 000 t coal (2000 train cars of 1300 t each) 2 000 000 t oil (10 supertankers) 30 t uranium (One Truck Load)

    Nuclear Power: a Compact Source

    Typical Fossil and Nuclear sites: 14 km Solar thermal or photovoltaic (PV) parks: 2050 km (a small town)

    Wind fields: 50150 km Biomass plantations: 40006000 km (a province)

    The Nuclear Power Advantage

    No Obnoxious Gases causing:

    Global

    Warming & Climate Change Acid Rain Hole in Ozone Layer Air Quality Degradation

    Full Energy Chain CO2 Equivalent Emission Factors


    1400

    CO2 equivalents per kWh electric (gram of CO2)


    1290 1234

    1200 1000 860 800 600 890 686

    460 400

    410 279

    200 0 4 30

    75

    11

    30

    116 37

    Coal

    Oil Natural gas Hydro Nuclear

    Wind

    Solar PV Biomass Source : IAEA Bulletin

    CO2 Avoidance by Nuclear

    If the electricity produced worldwide by nuclear reactors were instead generated by burning coal, an additional 2600 million tones of carbon dioxide would be released into the atmosphere each year. This can be compared with the target of a 5% reduction (600 million tones per year) in carbon dioxide emissions by the year 2010, as agreed in 1997 at Kyoto just for the developed countries.

    Radiation Doses
    Life Threatening Dose is illustrated as height of Eiffel Tower, Dose limit for Occupational Worker as height of man Dose limit for public as thickness of a brick

    DAILY WASTE GENERATION


    Coal Fired Plant

    Nuclear Power Plant


    Low

    Ash (40 %) :2900 Te Fly Ash (2 %) : 58 Te Lead (50 ppm), Arsenic (10ppm), Uranium, Natural Thorium, Radium 226 present in ash. CO2 : 13680 Tones SO2 : 47 Tones CO : 12 Tones

    level wastes : 0.7m3 Intermediate level wastes : 0.05m3 (Spent resins etc.) High level waste : 0.003m3 (Reprocessing for Pu & unused Uranium recovery) It is Vitrified, to be deposited in deep stable geological formation Gaseous effluent No toxic or green house gases. Some low level radioactive gases without public health significance. Total radiation dose received is less than 1% of the Natural background radiation level.

    Waste Strategies
    Atmosphere Radioactive Waste
    Partial Removal to Solid Waste

    Toxic Pollutants Volume Reduction Solid Waste Surveillance & Monitoring Shallow or Deep Ground Disposal

    SO2

    NOx

    CO2 Shallow Ground Disposal

    Dispersion Strategy

    Confinement Strategy

    The Nuclear Potential

    Indias Nuclear Power Program

    INDIAs THREE STAGE NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMM E

    Meeting the Nuclear Power Target

    Three Stage Nuclear Power Program Closed Fuel Cycle First Stage has reached a level of maturity 540 MW and 700 MW reactors of Indigenous design Second Stage: 500 MW PFBR under construction 3rd Stage AHWR : Construction expected to start in next 1 to 2 years

    PROPOSED XI PLAN STARTS - NPCIL MAJOR PROJECTS

    Indigenous
    Project 1. KAPP 3&4 (2X700 MWe PHWRs) 2. RAPP 7&8 (2X700 MWe PHWRs) 3. 7NP 5&6 4. 7NP 7&8 (2X700 MWe PHWRs) (2X700 MWe PHWRs) Construction Start 2008-09 2009-10 2011-12 Pre- Project

    Imports
    Project 1. KK 3&4 2. JAITAPUR 1&2 3. KK 5&6 4. LWR 11&12 5. JAITAPUR 3&4 Construction Start 2007-08 2008-09 2010-11 2010-11 2011-12

    Nuclear Power Capacity Build-up (With XI Plan Proposals)


    25000

    20000

    With international co-operation

    14380

    Indigenous and ongoing LWRs


    15000

    19780

    12680

    9280

    7280

    7280

    7280

    10000

    7280

    7280

    7280

    5000

    0
    05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18

    3360

    3360

    4120

    4120

    4780

    4780

    5780

    5780

    6780

    6780

    7280

    8680

    10380

    11780

    13180

    23180

    N U C L E AR P OW E R P R OG R AMM E (C ap acity B u ild u p )

    40380

    45000

    41180
    37180

    40000

    4 0 ,0 0 0 M W e in a b o u t n e x t 1 0 y e a rs 4 0 ,0 0 0 M W e b y 2 0 2 0
    29380

    35000

    29780 25780 26380 22380 20380

    30380

    30000

    3 0 ,0 0 0 M W e b y 2 0 2 0
    25000 MWe 23380

    20000

    2 0 ,0 0 0 M W e b y 2 0 2 0
    13980

    15000 10280 10000 5780 5000 3360 4120 6780 6780 8280

    13380

    14380

    15380

    16380

    17780

    17780

    2 40001 1 8 0 20180 6800 20800 14000

    10980

    0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ye a r 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

    18380

    Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.


    Formed in 1987 for accelerated growth. Experience of 200 reactor years of operation. Authorized capital of around 3 billion US$ and assets of 6 billion US$ 12000 well trained man power. Projects costing around 5 billion US$ are under execution. Consistent profits of 350 to 400 million US$ every year.

    Capability in Nuclear Power from mining to waste disposal Highly trained man power.

    Highly Experienced industry for all type of work like Civil, Piping, Mechanical, Electrical for construction, supply and erection. Many experts in the nuclear field, who are working for IAEA for safety mission, preparation of codes and guides etc.

    FINANCIAL CAPACITY
    Current Reserves and Surpluses Rs 8,060 crores (US $ 1800 million) Additional Surpluses in next five years : Rs 10,300 crores (US $2300 million ) Debt Equity in future projects 2 : 1 Capacity to take up projects upto Rs 55,000 crores(US $12000 million Translates to additional capacity of about 10,000 MW

    DESIGN FEATURES OF REACTOR CONTAINMENT

    Effect of Site Characteristics on NPP 1. Natural Events (a) Seismic Consideration


    Site should not lie in seismic zone V as per IS 1893 ( Part area of J&K , Uttaranchal , North east , Kutch etc.) rejection criteria No Capable fault within 5 Km - Seismotectonic evaluation needed rejection criteria All lineaments within 300 km radius are studied Evaluation for Liquefaction rejection criteria Effect of Tsunami

    ( b) Geological Considerations
    Competent strata exist Adequate sub soil investigation ( 6 boreholes during siting) Seismic logging of foundation strata Evaluate for slope instability ( such as land slide , land erosion) Evaluate for existence of mines , oil wells , subsidence

    (c) Flooding of Site


    All historical rainfall , flood data examined Flooding due to precipitation Flooding due to up stream dam break Finished grade level higher than both these floods Coastal sites evaluated for combination of high tides , wind effects, wave run up Studies done at detailed Site Evaluation stage
    1000 year return period daily rainfall evaluated from Annual

    maximum daily rainfall series - 1000 year return period flood evaluated from annual maximum flood series - Design Basis Flood calculated from worst combination of events

    (d) Extreme Meteorological Events


    Two level of wind effects are considered - Severe wind 1000 year return period for design purpose - Extreme wind 10000 year return period for wind induced missiles Wind speed and wind rose Extreme temperatures

    (e) Possibility of Shoreline erosion (f) Loss of ultimate heat sink Failure of down stream dam 7 days storage is provided

    2.

    Man Induced Events

    Aircraft Crash - Screening Distance Values (SDV) are used


    Distance from small airfields Distance from major airports Distance from military airfields More than 5 km. More than 8 km. More than 15 km.

    THANK YOU

    You might also like