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Chapter 3. Equilibrium of A Particle (3.4)

The document discusses solving 3-D particle equilibrium problems using scalar equations. It provides examples of drawing free body diagrams for particles under the influence of multiple forces and applying the equations of equilibrium, which require that the sum of the x, y, and z components of the net force equal zero. Solutions involve representing the forces as vectors and setting the respective vector components equal to zero to solve for unknown forces.

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Mohammad Ghazi
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42 views12 pages

Chapter 3. Equilibrium of A Particle (3.4)

The document discusses solving 3-D particle equilibrium problems using scalar equations. It provides examples of drawing free body diagrams for particles under the influence of multiple forces and applying the equations of equilibrium, which require that the sum of the x, y, and z components of the net force equal zero. Solutions involve representing the forces as vectors and setting the respective vector components equal to zero to solve for unknown forces.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Ghazi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THREE-DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS

Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to solve 3-D particle equilibrium problems by
a) Drawing a 3-D free body diagram, and,
b) Applying the three scalar equations (based on one vector
equation) of equilibrium. In-class Activities:
• Check Homework
• Reading Quiz
• Applications
• Equations of Equilibrium
• Example Problems
• Concept Questions
• Group Problem Solving
• Attention Quiz
Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
READING QUIZ

1. Particle P is in equilibrium with five (5) forces acting on it in


3-D space. How many scalar equations of equilibrium can be
written for point P?
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4
D) 5 E) 6
2. In 3-D, when a particle is in equilibrium, which of the
following equations apply?
A) ( Fx) i + ( Fy) j + ( Fz) k = 0
B)  F = 0
C)  Fx =  Fy =  Fz = 0
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.
Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
THE EQUATIONS OF 3-D EQUILIBRIUM

When a particle is in equilibrium, the vector


sum of all the forces acting on it must be
zero ( F = 0 ) .
This equation can be written in terms of its
x, y and z components. This form is written
as follows.
( Fx) i + ( Fy) j + ( Fz) k = 0
This vector equation will be satisfied only when
Fx = 0
Fy = 0
Fz = 0
These equations are the three scalar equations of equilibrium.
They are valid for any point in equilibrium and allow you to
solve for up to three unknowns.
Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE I

Given: The four forces and


geometry shown.
Find: The force F5 required to
keep particle O in
equilibrium.
Plan:
1) Draw a FBD of particle O.
2) Write the unknown force as
F5 = {Fx i + Fy j + Fz k} N
3) Write F1, F2 , F3 , F4 , and F5 in Cartesian vector form.
4) Apply the three equilibrium equations to solve for the three
unknowns Fx, Fy, and Fz.
Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE I (continued)

Solution:
F1 = {300(4/5) j + 300 (3/5) k} N
F1 = {240 j + 180 k} N
F2 = {– 600 i} N
F3 = {– 900 k} N
F4 = F4 (rB/ rB)
= 200 N [(3i – 4 j + 6 k)/(32 + 42 + 62)½]
= {76.8 i – 102.4 j + 153.6 k} N

F5 = { Fx i +Fy j + Fz k} N
Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE I (continued)

Equating the respective i, j, k components to zero, we have


S Fx = 76.8 – 600 + Fx = 0 ; solving gives Fx = 523.2 N
S Fy = 240 – 102.4 + Fy = 0 ; solving gives Fy = – 137.6 N
S Fz = 180 – 900 + 153.6 + Fz = 0 ; solving gives Fz = 566.4 N

Thus, F5 = {523 i – 138 j + 566 k} N

Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.


R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE II

Given: A 600 N load is supported


by three cords with the
geometry as shown.
Find: The tension in cords AB,
AC and AD.
Plan:

1) Draw a free body diagram of Point A. Let the unknown force


magnitudes be FB, FC, FD .
2) Represent each force in its Cartesian vector form.
3) Apply equilibrium equations to solve for the three unknowns.

Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.


R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE II (continued)
FBD at A z
FD FC

2m

1m 30˚ y
2m A
FB
x
600 N

FB = FB (sin 30 i + cos 30 j) N


= {0.5 FB i + 0.866 FB j} N
FC = – FC i N
FD = FD (rAD /rAD)
= FD { (1 i – 2 j + 2 k) / (12 + 22 + 22)½ } N
= { 0.333 FD i – 0.667 FD j + 0.667 FD k } N
Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE II (continued)

FBD at A
Now equate the respective i, j, and k
z
components to zero. FD FC

 Fx = 0.5 FB – FC + 0.333 FD = 0 2m
y
 Fy = 0.866 FB – 0.667 FD = 0 1m
2m A 30˚

FB
 Fz = 0.667 FD – 600 = 0 x
600 N

Solving the three simultaneous equations yields


FC = 646 N (since it is positive, it is as assumed, e.g., in tension)
FD = 900 N
FB = 693 N
Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
CONCEPT QUIZ

If a particle has 3-D forces acting on it and is in static


equilibrium, the components of the resultant force ( Fx,  Fy,
and  Fz ) ___ .
A) have to sum to zero, e.g., -5 i + 3 j + 2 k
B) have to equal zero, e.g., 0 i + 0 j + 0 k
C) have to be positive, e.g., 5 i + 5 j + 5 k
D) have to be negative, e.g., -5 i - 5 j - 5 k

Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.


R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
ATTENTION QUIZ
z
1. Four forces act at point A and point
A is in equilibrium. Select the F3 = 10 N
P
correct force vector P. F2 = 10 N

A) {-20 i + 10 j – 10 k}N F1 = 20 N A y
B) {-10 i – 20 j – 10 k} N
C) {+ 20 i – 10 j – 10 k}N x
D) None of the above.

Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.


R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
Statics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

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