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S3 & S4 - Osi Tcpip

The document discusses network protocols and security. It provides an overview of the OSI and TCP/IP reference models, including their layers and functions. The OSI model has 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. The TCP/IP model combines some of these layers and includes the application, transport, internet, and host-to-network layers. The document compares the two models and their relationship to network protocols. It provides learning objectives and outcomes for understanding layered network architectures and protocols.

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40 views21 pages

S3 & S4 - Osi Tcpip

The document discusses network protocols and security. It provides an overview of the OSI and TCP/IP reference models, including their layers and functions. The OSI model has 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. The TCP/IP model combines some of these layers and includes the application, transport, internet, and host-to-network layers. The document compares the two models and their relationship to network protocols. It provides learning objectives and outcomes for understanding layered network architectures and protocols.

Uploaded by

sripallavid1214
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Network Protocols & Security

[22EC2210]

CO-1
Reference models: OSI, TCP/IP, Example
Networks
AIM OF THE SESSION

Study of OSI and TCP/IP Layers with their comparison.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES LEARNING OUTCOMES


 The objective of this course is to understand data By the end of the module on Error Detection in Computer
communications and gain practical skills on Networks, students will be able to:
configuration of network devices.  Understanding of layered architecture: Students should
 Students will remember and understand the be able to explain the concept of a layered model and
understand the purpose and benefits of dividing network
terminology of networking and apply different design functionality into different layers.
issues in different layers of computer networking.  Knowledge of OSI model layers: Students should be
 Students will also remember and understand the familiar with the seven layers of the OSI model
basics of cryptography and network security and (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session,
advanced topics. Presentation, and Application) and their respective
functions.
 Understanding of encapsulation and de-encapsulation:
Students should comprehend the process of
encapsulating data at each layer as it moves down the
protocol stack and de-encapsulating it as it moves up the
stack.

2
OSI (Open System Interconnection) MODEL

The OSI (Open System Interconnection) MODEL

 Established in 1947, the International Standards Organization (ISO) is a multinational body


dedicated to worldwide agreement on international standards.
 An ISO standard that covers all aspects of network communications is the Open Systems
Interconnection model. It was first introduced in the late 1970s.
 The OSI model shows how to facilitate communication between different systems without
requiring changes to the logic of the underlying hardware and software.
 The OSI model is not a protocol; it is a model for understanding and designing a network
architecture that is flexible, robust, and interoperable.
OSI MODEL LAYERS
PHYSICAL LAYER

Physical Layer- The physical layer is responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop
(node) to the next.
The physical layer is also concerned with the following:
 Physical characteristics of interfaces and medium.
 Representation of bits.
 Data rate.
 Synchronization of bits:
 Line configuration. point-to-point configuration and multipoint configuration.
 Physical topology: Mesh, Bus, Star, Ring and Hybrid Topology.
 Transmission mode: Simplex, half-duplex, or full duplex.
DATA LINK LAYER

Data Link Layer- The data link layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the
next.
Other responsibilities of the data link layer include the following:
 Framing.
 Physical addressing.
 Flow control.
 Error control.
 Access control.
NETWORK LAYER

Network Layer- The network layer is responsible for the delivery of individual packets from the

source host to the destination host.

Other responsibilities of the network layer include the following:

 Logical addressing.

 Routing.
TRANSPORT LAYER

Transport Layer: The transport layer is responsible for delivering a message from one process to
another.
Other responsibilities of the transport layer include the following:
 Service-point addressing.
 Segmentation and reassembly.
 Connection control.
 Flow control.
 Error control.

8
SESSION LAYER

Session Layer- The session layer is responsible for dialog control and synchronization.

Specific responsibilities of the session layer include the following:

 Dialog control.

 Synchronization.

9
PRESENTATION LAYER

Presentation Layer- The presentation layer is responsible for translation, compression, and

encryption.

Specific responsibilities of the presentation layer include the following:

 Translation.

 Encryption.

 Compression.
APPLICATION LAYER

Application Layer- The application layer is responsible for providing services to the user.

Specific services provided by the application layer include the following:

 Network virtual terminal.

 File transfer, access, and management.

 Mail services.

 Directory services.
TCP/IP MODEL (TRANSMISSION CONTROL
PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL)
APPLICATION LAYER

Application Layer
Application layer protocols define the rules when implementing specific network applications.
Rely on the underlying layers to provide accurate and efficient data delivery.

Typical protocols:

FTP – File Transfer Protocol, For file transfer


Telnet – Remote terminal protocol, For remote login on any other computer on the network
SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, For mail transfer
HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol, For Web browsing.
Encompasses same functions as these OSI Model layers application presentation session.
TRANSPORT LAYER

Transport Layer

 TCP is a connection-oriented protocol.


 Does not mean it has a physical connection between sender and receiver.
 TCP provides the function to allow a connection virtually exists – also called virtual circuit.
 UDP provides the functions:
 Dividing a chunk of data into segments
 Reassembly segments into the original chunk
 Provide further the functions such as reordering, and data resend.
 Offering a reliable byte-stream delivery service
 Functions the same as the Transport layer in OSI.
 Synchronize source and destination computers to set up the session between the respective
computers.
INTERNET LAYER

Internet Layer

The network layer, also called the internet layer, deals with packets and connects independent
networks to transport the packets across network boundaries. The network layer protocols are the IP
and the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), which is used for error reporting.
HOST-TO-NETWORK LAYER

Host-to-network layer
The Host-to-network layer is the lowest layer of the TCP/IP reference model. Itcombines the link layer
and the physical layer of the ISO/OSI model. At this layer, data is transferred between adjacent
network nodes in a WAN or between nodes on the same LAN.
TCP/IP MODEL AND RELATION TO PROTOCOLS
OF TCP/IP SUITE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OSI MODEL AND TCP/IP
MODEL
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1. Which layer is responsible for reliable connection?
2. What are the different protocols that work at each of the layers in OSI model?
3. List the layers of TCP/IP model.
4. What is the difference between error control and flow control?
5. What is the function of a router?
6. What are the advantages of OSI over TCP/IP model?

19
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER LEARNING OF THE
SESSION
Reference Books:

1. Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A. Forouzan, 4 th Edition, McGraw Hill.


2. Computer Networks, Tanenbaum, 6th Edition, Pearson.

Sites and Web links:

CISCO Academy
NPTEL, Computer Networks and Internet Protocols, Prof. Soumya Kanti Ghosh, Prof. Sandip
Chakraborty IIT Kharagpur. (https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105183)

20
THANK YOU

Team – Networks Protocols & Security

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