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One Dimensional Motion

This document provides an overview of one-dimensional motion concepts including: 1. Dynamics, kinematics, position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, speed and their relationships. 2. Key quantities like displacement, velocity, and acceleration are introduced along with their definitions. Displacement is distinguished from distance traveled. 3. The concepts of average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration are defined. Free fall under gravity and Galileo's contributions are also summarized.

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Rovshen Bayramov
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18 views25 pages

One Dimensional Motion

This document provides an overview of one-dimensional motion concepts including: 1. Dynamics, kinematics, position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, speed and their relationships. 2. Key quantities like displacement, velocity, and acceleration are introduced along with their definitions. Displacement is distinguished from distance traveled. 3. The concepts of average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration are defined. Free fall under gravity and Galileo's contributions are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Rovshen Bayramov
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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One

dimentional
motion
By: Hudaybergen Allayarov
Content of this Presentation
1. Dynamics.
2. Concept about position.
3. Quantities in Motion:
Displacement,
Vector and Scalar Quantities.
Displacement Isn’t Distance.

Velocity,
Accelaration.
4.Speed.
5. Relationship Between Acceleration and Velocity.
6. Instantaneous Velocity.
7. Free Falls.
Dynamics:
 The branch of physics involving the motion of an object
and the relationship between that motion and other
physics concepts
 Kinematics is a part of dynamics
 In kinematics, you are interested in the description of motion
 Not concerned with the cause of the motion
Concept about position
 Defined in terms of
a frame of reference

 One dimensional, so
generally the x- or y-
axis
 Defines a starting point
for the motion
Reference frames
• Motion is relative
• When we say an object is moving,
we mean it is moving relative to
something else (reference frame)
Quantities of Motion

 Any motion involves three concepts


 Displacement
 Velocity
 Acceleration

 These concepts can be used to study objects in motion


Displacement

 Defined as the change in position


 x  xf  xi
 f stands for final and i stands for initial
 May be represented as y if vertical
 Units are meters (m) in SI, centimeters (cm) in cgs or feet (ft) in US
Customary
Displacement
Vector and Scalar Quantities. Displacement Isn’t Distance
o The displacement of an object is not the
o Vector quantities need both magnitude
same as the distance it travels
(size) and direction to completely o Example: Throw a ball straight up and
describe them
o Generally denoted by boldfaced type then catch it at the same point you
and an arrow over the letter released it
o + or – sign is sufficient for this chapter o The distance is twice the height
o Scalar quantities are completely o The displacement is zero
described by magnitude only
Velocity

o It takes time for an object to undergo a displacement


o The average velocity is rate at which the displacement oc
x xf  xi
v average  
t tf  ti
o generally use a time interval, so let ti = 0
Velocity continued

 Direction will be the same as the direction of the displacement


(time interval is always positive)
 + or - is sufficient
 Units of velocity are m/s (SI), cm/s (cgs) or ft/s (US Cust.)
 Other units may be given in a problem, but generally will need to be
converted to these
Acceleration

o Changing velocity (non-uniform) means an acceleration is present


o Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity

v v f  v i
a 
t tf  ti
o Units are m/s² (SI), cm/s² (cgs), and ft/s² (US Cust)
Average Acceleration

 Vector quantity
 When the sign of the velocity and the acceleration are the same
(either positive or negative), then the speed is increasing
 When the sign of the velocity and the acceleration are in the
opposite directions, the speed is decreasing
Instantaneous and Uniform Graphical Interpretation of
Acceleration Acceleration
● Average acceleration is the
 The limit of the average acceleration as the time slope of the line connecting the
initial and final velocities on a
interval goes to zero
velocity-time graph
 When the instantaneous accelerations are ● Instantaneous acceleration is the
always the same, the acceleration will be slope of the tangent to the curve
of the velocity-time graph
uniform

The instantaneous accelerations will all be


equal to the average acceleration
Speed
 The average speed of an object is defined as
the total distance traveled divided by the total
time elapsed
total distance
Average speed 
total time
d
v 
t
 Speed is a scalar quantity
Speed vs Velocity

 Cars on both paths have the same average velocity since they had
the same displacement in the same time interval
 The car on the blue path will have a greater average speed since
the distance it traveled is larger
Relationship Between Acceleration
and Velocity

 Uniform velocity (shown by red arrows maintaining the same size)


 Acceleration equals zero
Relationship Between
Acceleration and Velocity

 Velocity and acceleration are in the same direction


 Acceleration is uniform (blue arrows maintain the same
length)
 Velocity is increasing (red arrows are getting longer)
 Positive velocity and positive acceleration
Instantaneous Velocity Instantaneous Velocity on a Graph
 The limit of the average velocity as the time • The slope of the line tangent to the
interval becomes infinitesimally short, or as position-vs.-time graph is defined to
the time interval approaches zero be the instantaneous velocity at that

x
time
lim
v  t  0
• The instantaneous speed is defined

t as the magnitude of the


 The instantaneous velocity indicates what is instantaneous velocity
happening at every point of time
Free Falls

 All objects moving under the influence of gravity only


are said to be in free fall
 Free fall does not depend on the object’s original motion
 All objects falling near the earth’s surface fall with a
constant acceleration
 The acceleration is called the acceleration due to gravity,
and indicated by g
Galileo Galilei
 1564 - 1642
 Galileo formulated the
laws that govern the
motion of objects in free
fall
 Also looked at:
 Inclined planes
 Relative motion
 Thermometers
 Pendulum
Acceleration due to Gravity

Symbolized by g
g = -9.80 m/s²
When estimating, use g » -10 m/s2
g is always directed downward
toward the center of the earth
Ignoring air resistance and assuming g doesn’t vary with
altitude over short vertical distances, free fall is constantly
accelerated motion
Free Fall – an object dropped

 Initial velocity is zero


 Let up be positive vo= 0
 Use the kinematic equations
 Generally use y instead of x a=g
since vertical
 Acceleration is g =
-9.80 m/s2
References

 https://wikipedia.com
 https://slides.go.com
 https://slideplayer.com
 https://slidemodel.com
 https://quizlet.com
 https://cnx.org

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