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Topic #4

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OBJECT ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING
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Java
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is a full-fledged and powerful language
that can be used in many ways

■ Java Standard Edition (Java SE) to develop client-side applications. The

applications can run standalone or as applets running from a Web browser.

■ Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) to develop server-side applications,

such as Java servlets, JavaServer Pages (JSP), and JavaServer Faces
(JSF).

■ Java Micro Edition (Java ME) to develop applications for mobile

devices, such as cell phones.
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TIPS AND TRICKS

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A single space should be added on both
sides of a binary operator

System.out.println(3+4*4); Bad style

System.out.println(3 + 4 * 4); Good style

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Block zStyles - A block is a group of statements
surrounded by braces. There are two popular
styles, next-line style and end-of-line style
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Object Oriented Programming

PROGRAMMING
ERRORS
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Syntax Error

 Errors that are detected by the compiler are called syntax errors
or compile errors.
 Syntax errors result from errors in code construction, such as
mistyping a keyword, omitting some necessary punctuation, or
using an opening brace without a corresponding closing brace.
 These errors are usually easy to detect because the compiler
tells you where they are and what caused them.
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Runtime Error
 Runtime errors are errors that cause a program to terminate
abnormally. They occur while a program is running if the
environment detects an operation that is impossible to carry out.

 Input mistakes typically cause runtime errors. An input error

occurs when the program is waiting for the user to enter a value,
but the user enters a value that the program cannot handle.

 Another example of runtime errors is division by zero.

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Logic Error

 Logic errors occur when a program does

not perform the way it was intended to.
Errors of this kind occur for many different
reasons.
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Common Error

Common Error 1: Missing Braces

Common Error 2: Missing Semicolons
Common Error 3: Missing Quotation Marks
Common Error 4: Misspelling Names
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Object Oriented Programming

TRACING A
PROGRAM
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1 public class ComputeArea {
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2 public static void main(String[] args) {
3 double radius; // Declare radius
4 double area; // Declare area
5
6 // Assign a radius
7 radius = 20; // radius is now 20
8
9 // Compute area
10 area = radius * radius * 3.14159;
11
12 // Display results
13 System.out.println("The area for the circle of radius " +
14 radius + " is " + area);
15 }
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16 }
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Object Oriented Programming

JAVA
METHODS
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METHOD
A method is a block of code which only runs when it is
called. You can pass data, known as parameters, into a
method.

Methods are used to divide and sort functionalities within

a class so that the code will be readable even if its long.

Why use methods?

To reuse code: define the code once, and use it many
times.
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A method must be declared within a class.

It is defined with the name of the method,
followed by parentheses ().

Java provides some pre-defined methods,

such as System.out.println(),
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Syntax

modifier returntype methodName (){

// Do anything here
}
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Sample Code

public class Main {

static void myMethod() {
// code to be executed
}
}
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z Definition of Terms

 myMethod() is the name of the method

 static means that the method belongs to the

Main class and not an object of the Main
class.

 void means that this method does not have a

return value.
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Call a Method

 Write the method's name followed by two

parentheses () and a semicolon ;

Example: myMethod() is used to print a text

(the action), when it is called:
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z Sample Code
public class Main {
static void myMethod() {
System.out.println("I just got executed!");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
myMethod(); Calling method
}
}
// Outputs: "I just got executed!"
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public
z class Main {
static void myMethod() {
System.out.println("I just got executed!");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
myMethod();
myMethod();
myMethod();
Output: // I just got executed!
} // I just got

} executed!
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/ / I just got
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Object Oriented Programming

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PARAMETERS
ARGUMENTS
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Information can be passed to methods as parameter.
Parameters act as variables inside the method.

Parameters are specified after the method name, inside the

parentheses. You can add as many parameters as you want,
just separate them with a comma.

The following example has a method that takes a String called

fname as parameter. When the method is called, we pass along
a first name, which is used inside the method to print the full
name:
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static void myMethod(String fname) { PARAMETER
System.out.println(fname + " Saija");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
myMethod("Liam");
myMethod("Jenny");
Note: has a method that takes a
myMethod("Anja");
String called fname as parameter.
} When the method is called, we pass
} along a first name, which is used

// Liam Saija inside the method to print the full

name:
// Jenny Saija
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// Anja Saija
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Key Take Aways

When a parameter is passed to the method,

it is called an argument. So, from the
example:

fname is a parameter
Liam, Jenny and Anja are arguments
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Object Oriented Programming

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MULTIPLE
PARAMETERS
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static
z void myMethod(String fname, int
age) {
System.out.println(fname + " is " +
age);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
myMethod("Liam", 5);
myMethod("Jenny", 8);
myMethod("Anja", 31);
Ouptut: // Liam is 5
} // Jenny
} is 8
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// Anja is
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Object Oriented Programming

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RETURN
VALUES
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The void keyword, is used to indicate that the method

should not return a value. If you want the method to
return a value, you can use a primitive data type (such
as int, char, etc.) instead of void, and use the return
keyword inside the method:
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public
z class Main {
static int myMethod(int x) {
return 5 + x;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println(myMethod(3));
}
}
// Outputs 8 (5 + 3)
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Activity 1
Create a java program and a flowchart for this problem.

Score Grade
90 A
80 B
70 C
60 D
59-below FAILED
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