PR1 Quarter 3 Module 2

Practical Research 1
Module 2
Qualitative Research
and Its Importance
in Daily Life
Lesson 1
The Value of Qualitative Research
Its Characteristics, Strengths,
Weaknesses and Kinds
 is a scientific method of observation to
gather non-numerical data.
 It refers to the meanings, concepts,
characteristics, metaphors, symbols and
description of phenomena, and not to
their counts or measures.
Purpose of Qualitative Research
 Qualitative Research promotes a deep,
holistic understanding of a particular
phenomenon.
Characteristics of
Characteristics of Qualitative Research
1. Human understanding and interpretation in data
analysis
2. Active, powerful and forceful in data gathering and
rephrasing interview questions
3. Multiple research approaches and methods that
allows you to plan your study and being multi-
method research
4. Specificity to generalization on specific ideas will
lead to generalizations or conclusions.
Characteristics of Qualitative Research
5. Contextualization - context or situation of individual’s
life
6. Diversified data in real-life situations on collecting
data in a natural setting
7. Abounds with words and visuals that presents
people’s view in a picture, video, drawing or graphs.
8. Internal analysis on examining the data yielded by
the internal traits of the subject persons.
Strengths of
Strengths of Qualitative Research
1. It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject
matter.
2. It promotes a full understanding of human
behavior/personality traits in their natural
setting.
3. It is instrumental for positive societal changes.
4. It engenders respect for people’s individuality.
Strengths of Qualitative Research
5. It’s a way of understanding & interpreting
social interactions.
6. It increases researcher’s interests in the study.
7. It offers multiple ways of acquiring and
examining knowledge about something.
Weaknesses of
Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
1. It involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in data
analysis.
2. It is hard to know the validity/reliability of the data.
3. It is open-ended questions yield “data overload” that
requires long-time analysis.
4. It is time-consuming.
5. It involves several processes, whose results greatly
depend on the researcher’s views or interpretations.
Kinds of Qualitative
Research
Kinds of Qualitative Research
1. Case Study
Long time and in-depth study of a
person, group, organization or situation and
an empirical inquiry that investigates current
phenomenon.
Example: “Teenage Pregnancy in the Public
High Schools”
2. Ethnography
a study of a particular cultural group.
Example: “Cultural Awareness and

Integration of Peace Education in the
Indigenous Peoples (IP) Communities”
3. Phenomenology
“lived experience” of a phenomenon.
Example: “Life without Gadget”

4. Content and Discourse Analysis

• Content Analysis - is a research technique that
analyzes the modes of communication such as
letters, e-mails etc.
- is a method for studying and/or retrieving
meaningful information from documents.
4. Content and Discourse Analysis

•Discourse Analysis - is the study of social life,
understood through analysis of language. It
includes face-to-face talk, non-verbal interaction,
images and symbols.
Example: “A Discourse Analysis on the Impact
of Modern Technologies on Communication”
5. Historical Research
is a qualitative method where there is an
examining of past events to draw conclusions and
make predictions about the future.
Example: “The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’

Speech”
6. Grounded Theory
takes place when there is a discovery of new
theory which underlies your study at the time of
data collection and analysis.
Example: “The Story Behind the Migration of

Christians from Visayas and Luzon to
Mindanao”
7. Narrative Report
- designed to present things or events that have
happened in the past through a logical
progression of the relevant information. The main
purpose of a narrative report is to present a
factual depiction of what has occurred.
Example: “Vocabulary Building of Students
through Proper Solid Waste Management”
8. Biography
- is the study of an individual’s life and struggles
and how they reflect cultural themes of the
society.
- It deals with an interesting story found in
documents and archival materials.
- It is concerned with the reconstruction of life
histories and the constitution of meaning based
on biographical narratives and documents.
Common Types of Biography
1. Scholarly Chronicles - focus on the historical
portrayal of an individual life.
Ex. “Biography of Gloria M. Arroyo, the First
Woman President of the Philippines”
2. Intellectual Biography - narrative of a life
through the conceptual analysis of the subject’s
motives and beliefs within the world of ideas.
Ex. “Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal”
3. Life History Writing - recording of life
memories, experiences, whether one’s or
another’s.
Ex. “The Hardships of Overseas Filipino Workers
(OFW’s)”.
4. Memoir Biography - stylistic presentation of
the biographer’s reflections and insights in relation
to the factual account of life.
Ex. “The Experiences of Stranded Students in the
COVID-19 Pandemic”
5. Narrative Biography - a non-fiction account
of life experiences of a person.
9. Action Research
- is a classroom-based or school-based research
that seeks transformative change through the
process of taking action and doing research,
which are linked together by critical reflection.
- This type of research is commonly conducted
by the teachers to give solutions to the existing
problems to improve students’ academic
performance and positive attitudes.
Lesson 2
The Importance of
Qualitative Research Across
Fields of Inquiry
Basic Research Approaches
in a Specific Area of
Discipline
1. Scientific or Positive Approach
 Deals with empirical data instead of personal
views, feelings or attitudes.
 Allows control of variables or factors affecting
the study (Laursen, 2010).
 Expresses and records findings quantitatively.
 Presents structured interviews,
questionnaires and observational checklists.
2. Naturalistic Approach
 A people-oriented approach focusing on
discovering the real concept or meaning
behind people’s lifestyles and social relations.
 Present things qualitatively through verbal
language. Using words as unit of analysis.
Naturalistic Approach
 Bases determining universal social values to
define ethical and unethical that society
ought to know, not only for the benefit of
individual and community but also for the
satisfaction of man’s quest for knowledge.”
(Sarandakos 2013; Ransome 2013)
3. Triangulation/Mixed Method
 Allows a combination or a mixture of
research designs, data collection and data
analysis techniques.
 Enhance the validity and reliability of
qualitative research design.
Triangulation/Mixed Method
 Enhances accuracy of interpretation.
 Has an opportunity to view every angle of
the research from different perspectives.
Main Methods of Data
Collection
Main Methods of Data Collection
1. Interactive interviewing – people are asked
to verbally describe their experiences of a
phenomenon.
2. Written descriptions by the participant –
people are asked to write descriptions of their
experiences of a phenomenon.
3. Observation - descriptive observations of
verbal and non-verbal behavior.
In the field of Humanities, researchers
ought to focus not to man’s social life but
instead study its meanings, significance
and visualizations of man’s experiences in
the field of Fine Arts, Literature, Music, Drama,
Dance and other artistically inclined subjects.
Humanistic Categories
1. Literature and Art Criticism – focus on language
depends on interpretative and reflective thinking.
2. Philosophical Research – the focus of inquiry is
on knowledge and principles of being and on the
manner human beings conduct themselves on Earth.
3. Historical Research – investigation centers on
events and ideas that took place in man’s life at a
particular period.
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Hard Sciences Soft Sciences
Examples: Examples:
Biology, Chemistry, Sociology, Psychology,
Physics, Astronomy, Political Science,
Earth Science Economics,
Anthropology, History
 Qualitative and Quantitative Research can go
together in a research approach.
 There is a symbiotic relationship between these
two research methods, in which they reinforce or
strengthen each other.
 Moreover, any form of knowledge, factual or
opinionated and any statistical or verbal expression
of this knowledge are deduced from human
experience that is subjective. (Hollway 2013;
Letherby 2013)

PR1 Quarter 3 Module 2

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Practical Research 1

Example: “Cultural Awareness and

Example: “Life without Gadget”

4. Content and Discourse Analysis

4. Content and Discourse Analysis

Example: “The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’

Example: “The Story Behind the Migration of

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