Scribd
Upload
10 views11 pages

Lecture 2 ME Spring 24

This document discusses mathematical expressions, terms, factors, and products. It provides examples of factoring expressions by finding common factors. It explains that factoring is the process of converting the sums and differences of terms in an expression to a single term with two or more factors. The document gives examples of factoring expressions like ab + b, abc - ab + abd, and 12x^2 + 7x - 10. It also discusses factoring trinomial expressions like 6x^2 + 5x - 4 into binomial factors.

Uploaded by

mahinreza365
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views11 pages

Lecture 2 ME Spring 24

This document discusses mathematical expressions, terms, factors, and products. It provides examples of factoring expressions by finding common factors. It explains that factoring is the process of converting the sums and differences of terms in an expression to a single term with two or more factors. The document gives examples of factoring expressions like ab + b, abc - ab + abd, and 12x^2 + 7x - 10. It also discusses factoring trinomial expressions like 6x^2 + 5x - 4 into binomial factors.

Uploaded by

mahinreza365
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Mathematical Economics

Section: A
Time: Monday and Wednesday

Lecture 2
29 January 2024
Expression, Term, Factor, Product

 Any statement involving mathematical


symbols may be referred to as a
mathematical expression.
 When an expression consists of parts
separated by plus or minus signs, or by an
equal sign, the parts, together with their
signs, are called terms of the expression.
 Thus in the expression: a+2b-3ac+4
the terms are +a, +2b, -3ac, and +4
Expression, Term, Factor, Product

 Each term in an expression consists of one


or more factors, a factor being one of the
separate multipliers in a product.
 Thus in the expression: 2a – 3bc
 the term +2a consists of the two factors
(2 and a)
 the term -3bc consists of the three factors
(-3,b, and c).
Expression, Term, Factor, Product

 Exercise:
a) The expression 3ab + 4a – 3 has how
many terms?
b) what is the composition of the first term?
c) Do all the terms have a common factor
other than 1?

Ans: a) Three; b) The factors 3, a, and b;


c) No
Elementary Factoring

 We are assured by the distributive property


that: ab+ac=a(b+c)

 We see that the sum of two terms has been


converted to the product of two factors.

 Conversion from the sums and differences


of terms to a single term with two or more
factors is called factoring.
Elementary Factoring

 When terms have a factor in common,


factoring is carried out by writing the product
of the common factor times an expression
whose terms are the remaining factors of
each of the original terms.
 Example:
2xy + axy = xy(2+a)
ax – bx = x(a-b)
6x + 2y - 4a + 8b = 2 (3x + y – 2a + 4b)
Elementary Factoring
 Exercise:
ab + b
= b (a + 1)

abc – ab + abd
= ab (c – 1 + d)

xy + ax + x
= x (y + a + 1)
Elementary Factoring
 Examples:
a (b+2) – 3 (b+2)
= (b+2)(a-3)

(1 + i) + i (1 + i)
= (1+i)(1+i)

Factor bx + by – x – y
= (x+y)(b-1)
Elementary Factoring
 Consider the following expression
(3x + 4)(2x - 1)
= 6x2 + 5x – 4
 Often we find it necessary to do problems
like this one.

Exercise:
(5x + 3)(2x + 4)
= 10x2 + 26x + 12
Elementary Factoring

 Consider the expression


(3x + 4)(2x - 1)
= 6x2 + 5x – 4
Often we find it necessary to do problems like this
one.
 But, in reverse; that is, start with a trinomial that
contains a term in x2, a term in x, and a
constant, such as
6x2 + 5x – 4, and obtain the equivalent pair of
binomial factors, (3x+4)(2x-1), we may do this
by trial and error.
Elementary Factoring

 Example:
Let us factor 12x2 + 7x – 10
First we write ( )( )
Where each set of parentheses contains two terms: a
first term and a second term.
The product of the first terms must be 12x 2. So the
first terms could be x and 12x; 2x and 6x; 3x and
4x, or any of these pairs with signs changed.
 Ans: So, we have the desired factors of the original
expression,
12x2+7x-10 = (3x-2)(4x+5).

You might also like