Manajemen Operasional – Layout

Strategy

Nabilah. S.Kom., M.T.

25%
Transportation

50%
Location

Perbandingan Tampilan
Pelayanan Kelengkapan Kenyamanan
Harga
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Tata letak di minimarket
Mengapa ATM
sering diletakkan
di pojok?

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Inovasi yang dilakukan McDonalds
Indoor Adding
Seating Breakfast to
(1950s) Menu (1980s)

Drive-through Window Adding Play area

▸ 3 out of 4 are layout decision

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Mcdonald’s new kitchen Layout
Fifth major innovation:
▸ sandwiches assembled in order
▸ Elimination of some steps, shortening of others
▸ No food prepared ahead except patty
▸ New bun toasting machine and new bun formulation
▸ Repositioning condiment container

Savings of $100,000,000 per year in food costs

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Mcdonald’s new kitchen
Layout

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The strategic Importance of Layout Decision
▸ Layout adalah salah satu kunci keputusan yang menentukan efisiensi
jangka panjang dari sebuah operasi
▸ Layout yang efektif dapat membantu perusahaan untuk mencapai strategi
yang mampu mendorong diferensiasi, low cost, ataupun response

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“ The objective of layout
strategy is to develop an
effective and efficient layout
that will meet the firm's
competitive requirements

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The strategic Importance of Layout Decision
Layout design must consider how to achieve the following:
▸ Higher utilization of space, equipment, and people
▸ Improved flow of information, materials, and people
▸ Improved employee morale and safer working conditions
▸ Improved customer/client interaction
▸ Flexibility (whatever the layout is now, it will need to change)

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Types of Layout

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Office Layout
▸ Office layouts require the grouping of workers, their equipment, and
spaces to provide for comfort, safety, and movement of information. The
main distinction of office layouts is the importance placed on the flow of
information.
▸ Should offices be private or open cubicles, have low file cabinets to
foster informal communication or high cabinets to reduce noise and
contribute to privacy?

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Office Layout
▸ Workspace can inspire informal and productive encounters if it balances
three physical and social aspects:
▹ Proximity: Spaces should naturally bring people together.
▹ Privacy: People must be able to control access to their
conversations.
▹ Permission: The culture should signal that nonwork interactions are
encouraged

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Office Layout

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Office Layout

In the early 20th century,

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Office Layout

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Office Layout

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Retail Layout
Five ideas are helpful for determining the overall arrangement of many stores:
▸ Locate the high-draw items around the periphery of the store.
▸ Use prominent locations for high-impulse and high-margin items.
▸ Distribute what are known in the trade as “power items”—items that may
dominate a purchasing trip—to both sides of an aisle, and disperse them to
increase the viewing of other items.
▸ Use end-aisle locations because they have a very high exposure rate.
▸ Convey the mission of the store by carefully selecting the position of the lead-
off department.

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Repetitive and Product-Oriented Layout
Two types of a product-oriented layout are fabrication and assembly lines.
▸ The fabrication line builds components, such as automobile tires or metal
parts for a refrigerator, on a series of machines,
▸ The assembly line puts the fabricated parts together at a series of
workstations.
A well-balanced assembly line has the advantage of high personnel and facility
utilization and equity among employees’ workloads

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Assembly Line Balancing
▸ To produce at a specified rate,
management must know the
tools, equipment, and work
methods used
▸ Then the time requirements for
each assembly task must be
determined
▸ Management also needs to know
the precedence relationship
among the activities

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Assembly Line Balancing
Once we have constructed a precedence chart summarizing the sequences and
performance times, we turn to the job of grouping tasks into job stations so that we can
meet the specified production rate.
▸ Cycle time—namely, the maximum time allowed at each workstation if the production
rate is to be achieved

▸ Calculate the theoretical minimum number of workstations. This is the total task-
duration time (the time it takes to make the product) divided by the cycle time.

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Contoh Assembly Line Balancing

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Contoh Assembly Line Balancing

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Contoh Assembly Line Balancing

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Efficiency – Idle Time
There are two measures of the effectiveness of a balanced assignment
▸ Efficiency

▸ Idle time

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Efficiency – Idle Time

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Latihan
Illinois Furniture, Inc., produces all types of
office furniture. The “Executive Secretary” is
a chair that has been designed using
ergonomics to provide comfort during long
work hours. The chair sells for $130. There
are 480 minutes available during the day, and
the average daily demand has been 50 chairs.
1. Draw a precedence diagram of this operation!
2. What is the cycle time for this operation?
3. What is the theoretical minimum number of
workstations?
4. What is the efficiency of the assembly line?

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THANKS!
Any questions?

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