Unit-4 - Strings and Functions
Unit-4 - Strings and Functions
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Unit -4
Strings
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Strings Go, change the world
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Declaration of a string
• Since we cannot declare string using String Data Type, instead of which
we use array of type “char” to create String.
Syntax :
Examples :
• char city[30];
• char name[20];
• char message[50]; 5
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Declaration of a string cont…
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Rules for declaring a string
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#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};
printf("Greeting message: %s\n", greeting );
return 0; }
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Greeting message: Hello
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Reading Strings
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Writing Strings
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Suppressing Input
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Length
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Appending
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Comparing Two Strings
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Reversing a String Go, change the world
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Extracting a substring from Right of the String Go, change the world
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Extracting a substring from Middle of the StringGo, change the world
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Insertion
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Indexing
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Deletion
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Replacement
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Array of Strings
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Write a program to read and print the names of n students in the class
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Pointers and Strings
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• int puts(const char *s); Here the constant modifier is used to assure the
user that the function will not modify the contents pointed to by the source
pointer. Note that the address of the pointer is passed to the function as
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the argument.
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• strncat( ) function in C language concatenates (appends) portion of one string at the end
of another string.
strcmp( ) function in C compares two given strings and returns zero if they are same.
If length of string1 < string2, it returns < 0 value that is -1.
• Syntax : strcmp (str1 , str2 );strcmp( ) function is case sensitive. i.e, “A” and “a” are
treated as different characters.
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String Concat (strcat)
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• strncat( ) function in C language concatenates (appends) portion of one string at the end
of another string.
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UNIT IV
Functions
(User Defined Functions)
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FUNCTIONS
It has a name and it is reusable i.e. it can be executed from as many different parts in a C
Program as required.
Properties of C Functions:
Every function has a unique name. This name is used to call function from “main()” function.
A function can be called from within another function.
A function is independent and it can perform its task without intervention from or interfering
with other parts of the program.
A function performs a specific task. A task is a distinct job that your program must perform as
a part of its overall operation, such as adding two or more integer, sorting an array into
numerical order, or calculating a cube root etc.
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Properties of C Functions:
This is optional and depends upon the task your function is going to accomplish.
Suppose you want to just show few lines through function then it is not necessary to return a value.
But if you are calculating area of rectangle and wanted to use result somewhere in program then you
have to send back (return) value to the calling function.
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Types of functions in C
1. void function(void)
2. void function(int)
3. int function(void)
4. int function(int)
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Type-1
void function(void)
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void rvce(void); //function declaration
void main()
{
clrscr();
rvce(); //function call
getch();
}
void rvce(void) //function definition
{
printf(”rvce");
}
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Output:
Rvce
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void rvce(void);
void main()
{
clrscr();
rvce();
rvce();
getch();
}
void rvce(void)
{
printf(”rvce");
}
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void rvce(void); //function declaration
void main()
{
clrscr();
rvce(); //function call
getch();
}
void rvce(void) //function definition
{
printf(”rvce");
}
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Output:
rvce rvce
#include<stdio.h>
void rvce(void);
void college(void);
void main()
{
clrscr();
rvce();
college();
}
void rvce(void)
{
printf(”rvce");
}
Output
rvce
college is rvce
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Type-2
void function(int)
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void square(int);
void main()
{
clrscr();
square(5);
getch();
}
void square(int x)
{
printf("Square is %d",x*x);
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Output
Square is 25
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void table(int);
void main()
{
clrscr();
table(5);
getch();
}
void table(int x)
{
for(int a=1;a<=10;a++)
printf("%d*%d=%d\n",a,x,a*x);
}
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Output
1*5=5
2*5=10
3*5=15
4*5=20 We can pass more than one arguments to a function, each
5*5=25
6*5=30 can have different type/same type.
7*5=35
8*5=40
9*5=45
10*5=50
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
add(5, 7);
getch();
}
Output
Addition is 12
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void main()
{
clrscr();
getch();
}
Output
2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
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Edit same program, get two numbers input from user, then
make a loop between these numbers.
Ex:
Please input two numbers: 5 20
5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int start, end
getch();
}
Type-3
int function(void)
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int sum(void);
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a;
a=sum();
printf(“Sum is %d”, a);
getch();
}
int sum(void)
{
int x=2, y=3, z;
z=x+y;
return(z);
}
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int sum(void);
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a;
a=sum();
printf(“Sum is %d”, a);
getch();
int sum(void)
{
int x=2, y=3, z;
z=x+y;
return(z);
}
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Return Keyword
In functions, where we return any value, we usually use a keyword
“return”, and the value, which is to be returned is written inside braces,
shown after return.
Example: return(z);
The above statement will pass the value of z to the left side variable of
calling function.
ie: a=sum();
Hence the value in z, which is 5 in our program is passed to a.
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Type-4
Returns a value.
int function(int)
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a;
a=sum(2,3);
printf(“Sum is %d”, a);
getch();
z=x+y;
return(z);
}
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int sum(int, int);
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a;
a=sum(2,3);
printf(“Sum is %d”, a);
getch();
z=x+y;
return(z);
}
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