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Q3 Week1 Part2

The document discusses different types of research methods including quantitative and qualitative research. It provides examples of each type and compares their key characteristics such as purpose, data collection methods, analysis techniques, and focus. Quantitative research aims to test hypotheses and make predictions using statistical analysis of numerical data from large, randomly selected samples. Qualitative research explores topics in natural settings through techniques like interviews and observations to understand meanings and themes. The document also outlines different categories of research based on their application, purpose, and type of data needed.

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Mary Rose Alegria
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61 views35 pages

Q3 Week1 Part2

The document discusses different types of research methods including quantitative and qualitative research. It provides examples of each type and compares their key characteristics such as purpose, data collection methods, analysis techniques, and focus. Quantitative research aims to test hypotheses and make predictions using statistical analysis of numerical data from large, randomly selected samples. Qualitative research explores topics in natural settings through techniques like interviews and observations to understand meanings and themes. The document also outlines different categories of research based on their application, purpose, and type of data needed.

Uploaded by

Mary Rose Alegria
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 1: Nature of Inquiry

and Research
differentiates quantitative from
qualitative research
Most Essential
Learning
Competencies provide examples of research in areas of
interest (arts, humanities, sports, science,
business, agriculture and fisheries,
information and communication
technology, and social inquiry)
Lesson 4: Difference between
Quantitative and Qualitative
Research
Similarities of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
1. Empirical research is aimed at creating new
knowledge.
2. Research creates knowledge by observing
phenomena.
3. All entities of interest like attitudes, motivates and
learning can be inferred from observing what
people do or say in a given setting.
Similarities of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
4. All researchers are concerned about the universality
of ideas or expressing an idea in a general
statement; that is, they desire to find meaning for
the research results beyond a particular study.
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is a primarily an exploratory
research. It is used to give an understanding of
underlying reasons opinions and motivations. The
investigation provides insights, into the problem or
helps to develop ideas or hypothesis for potential
qualitative research. It is also used to uncover trends in
thought and opinions and dig deeper into the problem.
Qualitative Research
Features of qualitative research according to Yin (2011):
1. Studying the meaning of people's lives, under the real-
world conditions; people will not limited by confines
of a laboratory.
2. Representing the views and perspective of the people
or participants of the study in the results of the
research mirror the values and meanings of the
people who live them, not by the researcher.
Qualitative Research
3. Covering the contextual condition within which
people live the social institutions and
environmental conditions within which live. They
may influence all human events.
4. Contributing insights into existing or emerging
concepts may help or explain human social
behavior. Research can be instances for developing
new concepts.
Qualitative Research
5. Striving to use multiple sources of evidence is
better than relying on a single source alone.
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is more often associated
with hard data. This research is used to quantify -
that is to put numerical equivalents to findings.
It is used to quantify the problem by way of
generating mathematical data or data that can be
transformed into usable statistics.
Differences between Qualitative and Quantitative Res
earch
Criteria Qualitative Quantitative
Research Research
Purpose To understand and To test hypothesis,
interpret social look at causes and
interactions effect, and make
predictions
Group Smaller and not Larger and randomly
Studied randomly selected selected
Variables Study of the whole, Specific variables
not variables studied
Criteria Qualitative Quantitative
Research Research
Type of Words, images, or Numbers and statistics
Data objects
Collected
Form Data Qualitative data such Quantitative data
Collected as open-ended based on precise
responses, measurements using
interviews, structured and
participant validated data-
observations, field collection instruments
notes, and reflections
Criteria Qualitative Quantitative
Research Research
Type of Identify patterns, Identify statistical
Data features, themes relationships
Analysis
Objectivity Subjectivity is Objectivity is critical
and expected
Subjectivity
Criteria Qualitative Quantitative
Research Research
Role of Researcher and their Researcher and their
Researcher biases may be known biases are not know to
to participants in the participants in the
study and study and participant
participant characteristics are
characteristics may deliberately hidden
be known to the from the researcher
researcher (double blind studies)
Criteria Qualitative Quantitative
Research Research
Results Particular or Generalizable findings
specialized findings that can be applied to
that is less other populations
generalizable
Scientific Exploratory or Confirmatory of top-
Method bottom-up: the bottom: the researcher
researcher generates tests the hypothesis
a new hypothesis and theory with the
and theory from the data
data collected
Criteria Qualitative Quantitative
Research Research
View of Dynamic, situational, Regular and
Human social, and personal predictable
Behavior
Most Explore, discover, Describe, explain, and
Common and construct predict
Research
Objectives
Criteria Qualitative Quantitative
Research Research
Focus Wide-angle lens; Narrow-angle lens;
examines the tests specific
breadth and depth of hypothesis
phenomena
Nature of Study behavior in a Study behavior under
Observatio natural environment controlled conditions;
n isolate causal effects
Criteria Qualitative Quantitative
Research Research
Nature of Multiple realities; Single reality; objective
Reality subjective

Final Narrative report with Statistical report with


Report contextual correlations,
description and comparisons of means,
direct quotations and statistical
from research significance of findings
participants
Lesson 5: Types and
Examples of Research in
Different Areas/Field
Types of Research
1. Based on Application of Research Method
1.1 Pure Research - it deals with concepts, principles,
or abstract things. This type of research aims to
increase your knowledge about something.
1.2 Applied Research - if your intention is to apply your
chosen research to societal problems or issues,
finding ways to make positive changes in society.
Types of Research
2. Based on the Purpose of the Research
2.1 Descriptive Research
2.2 Correlational Research
2.3 Explanatory Research
2.4 Exploratory Research
2.5 Action Research
Types of Research
2.1 Descriptive Research - refers to research that
provides an accurate portrayal of a class or a
particular individual situation or group. Also known
as statistical research. These studies area a means
of discussing new things, describing what exists,
determining the frequency with which something
occurs and categorizing information. It collects a
large amount of notes for a detailed study.
Types of Research
2.2 Correlational Research - refers to the systematic
investigation or statistical study of relationships
among two or more variables, without necessarily
determining cause and effect. It seeks to establish
a relation or association between two or more
variables that do not readily lend themselves to
experimental manipulation.
Types of Research
2.3 Explanatory Research - This type of research
elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind
the relationships of two factors, but also the ways
by which such relationship exists.
Types of Research
2.4 Exploratory Research - is a type conducted for a
problem that has not been clearly defined. It helps
determine the best research design, data collection
method and selection of subjects. It can be
informal, relying to secondary research such as
review, available literature and/or data. It is not
typically generalizable to the population at large.
Types of Research
2.5 Action Research - involves the application of the
steps of the scientific method in the classroom
problems. This type of research is done on a very
limited scope. The population to be studied is not
so big. This type of research is helpful to beginning
researchers.
Types of Research
3. Based on Types of Data Needed
3.1 Qualitative Reseach
3.2 Quantitaive Research
Types of Qualitative Research
1. Case Study
2. Ethnography
3. Phenomenology
4. Content and Discourse
5. Historical Analysis
6. Grounded Theory
Types of Qualitative Research
1. Case Study
This type of qualitative research usually takes place in
the field of social care, nursing, psychology, rehabilitation
centers, education etc. This involves a long-time study of a
person, group, organization, or situation. It seeks to find
answers to why such thing occurs to the subject. Finding
the reason/s behind such occurence drives you to also
delve into relationships of people related to the case
under study.
Types of Qualitative Research
2. Ethnography
This refers to the investigation of a culture through
an in-depth study of the members of the culture; it
involves the systematic collection, description, and
analysis of data for development of theories of cultural
behavior. It studies people-ethnic groups in their settings.
This kind of research attempts to understand what is
happening naturally in the setting and to interpret the
data gathered so implications could be formed from
those data.
Types of Qualitative Research
3. Phenomenology
Coming from the word “phenomeno” which
means something known through sensory
experience, phenomenology refers to the study of
how people find their experiences meaningful. Its
primary goal is to make people understand their
experiences about death of loved ones, care for
handicapped persons, friendliness of people etc.
Types of Qualitative Research
4. Content and Discourse Analysis
A study of language structures used in the
medium of communication to discover the effects of
sociological, cultural, institutional, and ideological
factors on the content makes it a discourse analysis.
Types of Qualitative Research
5. Historical Analysis
This one involving analysis of events that
occurred in the remote or recent past. It can show
patterns and occurred in the past and over time
which can help to see where we came from and
what kind of solutions we have used in the past.
Understanding this can add perspective on how we
examine current events and educational practices.
Types of Qualitative Research
6. Grounded Theory
It is takes place when you discover a new
theory to underlie your study at the time of data
collection and analysis. Through your observation
on your subjects, you will happen to find a theory
that applies to your current study. Interview,
observation, and documentary analysis are the data
gathering techniques for this type of reserch.

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