IISR, Lucknow

6 December 2017
th

6th December 2017

 INTRODUCTION
• The Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR), Lucknow was established in 1952
by the erstwhile Indian Central Sugarcane Committee
• The Government of India took over the Institute from the Indian Central Sugarcane
Committee on 1st January, 1954.
• On April 1, 1969, it was transferred to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR), New Delhi alongwith other central agricultural research institutes.
• Location:
• The Institute is situated 4.8 km from Lucknow Railway Station (Charbagh)

• Climate
• subtropical semi-arid.
• mercury exceeding 40oC .
• monsoon from 18-21 June and extends till last week of September.
• The average rainfall 880mm and unimodal .
• long-term average minimum temperatur 11.5, 7.3, 7.0 and 9.7oC.
• Vision:
• An efficient, globally competitive and vibrant
sugarcane agriculture.
• Mission:
• Enhancement of sugarcane productivity,
profitability and sustainability to meet future
sugar and energy requirement of India.
• Mandates:
• Conduct basic and applied research on all aspects of
production and protection techniques of sugarcane
and sugar crops.
• Work on breeding of varieties for subtropical region in
close collaboration with sugarcane breeding institute,
Coimbatore.
• Develop linkages with State Agricultural Universities,
Research Centres and other organizations for
collaborative research, exchange information and
material.
• Provide training, consultancy and advisory services to
farmers, industries and other users at regional,
national and international levels.
Organizational structure
 METHODS OF SUGARCANE CULTIVATION

• Ring-pit method
• Mother shoot technology or no
tiller technology
• Specifications:
- Pit diameter : 75 cm
- Depth : 30 cm
- Centre to centre : 105 cm
- No. of pits/ha : 9000
• Suitable for drought prone areas,
undulating topography, light
textured soils, saline - sodic soils,
multiple ratooning and high
yielding, tall and thick cane
varieties.
• Trench method
• Trench specifications : 30 cm wide and
deep
• Centre to centre 120px cm (30: 90 cm)
• Mechanized operation
• Less labour requirement
• Enhanced water use efficiency
• FIRB method of planting
• Appropriate FIRB configuration (50-30-
50 cm)
• Sowing of wheat on ridges (2-3 lines) in
November
• Manual planting of sugarcane in
irrigation ditches in Feb. - March
• Raising sugarcane through spaced
transplanting technique and poly bag
system.
• Enhances 30% yield of sugarcane as
compared to sequential with full yield
of wheat
 Mechanization of cane agriculture
• Ridger- type sugarcane
cutter-planter
• Rridger type sugarcane
cutter- planter, PTO driven,
was developed for planting of
sugarcane which performs
major operations involved in
cane planting at a spacing of
75/90 cm.
• It has effective capacity of
planting one ha in 4-5 hours
and saves approximately 60%
cost of planting operation.
• Three-row multipurpose
sugarcane cutter- planter
• ground wheel driven, was
developed for planting of
sugarcane which performs all
operations involved in cane
planting at a spacing of 75
cm.
• effective capacity of planting
of one ha in 3.5 to 4 hours,
and saves approximately 70%
cost of planting operation.
• Paired row sugarcane cutter-
planter
• PTO driven
• planting of sugarcane under paired
row geometry (30 cm spacing).
• It has effective capacity of planting
of one ha in 4-5 hours, and saves
approx. 60% cost of planting
operation.
• Zero-till sugarcane cutter-planter
• planting sugarcane which performs
all operations involved in cane
planting at a spacing of 75/90 cm.
• effective capacity of planting of
one ha in 4-5 hours, and saves
approx. 60% cost of planting
operation. It also saves the cost of
seed bed preparation.
• Two row pit digger
• making 25-30 cm deep, circular pits
of 75 cm diameter at 30 cm spacing
for planting sugarcane under ring
pit system.
• effective capacity of digging 150
pits/hr (0.017 ha/hr) and saves 400
man-days/ha. It saves about 70%
cost of dgging pits compared to
manual digging.
• Raised bed seeder
• making three raised beds (2 full
beds + 2 half beds)-for sowing of
wheat simultaneously at a spacing
of 17 cm, and three furrows at a
spacing of 75 cm- for planting of
sugarcane as and when required.
• effective capacity of 0.35-0.40
ha/hr.
• Raised bed seeder-cum-sugarcane cutter
planter
• developed to plant two rows of sugarcane
in furrows and drill two rows of wheat as
companion crop on the main raised beds
and one each on the either side of half
raised beds.
• effective capacity of 0.20-0.25 ha/h and
saves approximately 60% of the cost of
operation.
• Ratoon Management Device
• developed which executes all the
operations involved in management of
ratoon crop such as stubble shaving, deep
tilling, off-barring, placing manure,
fertilizer/bio-agents, chemicals in liquid
form and earthing up operations in a
single pass of operation.
• capacity of 0.35-0.40 ha/hr and saves 60%
of the cost of operation.
 Sugarcane Varieties Released

• Drought tolerant varieties

developed under AICRP (Sugarcane)
• CoLk 94184 (Birendra)
• for commercial cultivation in north
central and north eastern zone of
India.
• harvest up to 85 tonnes per hectare
as plant crop followed by about 75
tonnes from same field for next 2-3
years as ratoon crop.
• combination of two desirable
attributes i.e. early maturity and
good ratooning ability.
• CoLk 9709
• CoLk 9709, an early maturing
sugarcane variety released for
commercial cultivation in Uttar
Pradesh.
• Other Varieties Released
• CoLk 8001(Co 62174 x Co 1148):
• Mid late maturing variety
• released in 1988 for commercial
cultivation in Uttar Pradesh and
Gujarat.
• tolerant to borers.
• CoLk 8102 (C o 1158 GC):
• high tillering, green foliage
without spines, non-lodging, erect
stalks, medium thick canes, very
good ratooner, moderately
resistant to red rot, resistant to
smut, wilt, ratoon stunting, grassy
shoot, leaf scald disease under
field conditions, drought tolerant.
• released in 1996 for commercial
cultivation in Uttar Pradesh and
Bihar.
 Collaboration
• National level
– SBI, Coimbatore
i. Effecting mating involving proposed parents and supply of
viable fluff for raising sufficient seedling populations

– NSI, Kanpur
i. Estimation of quality parameters and ex-aiming ways to
make payment on the basis of quality particularly in
subtropics
– SRS and SAUS
With Sugarcane Research Stations and State Agricultural
Universities for testing of technologies developed by the
Institute and quick dissemination of viable technologies to the
farmers.
– State Govt. and sugar factories
With State Sugar Departments and sugar factories for testing
and verification of research results of the Institute.
• International level
a) IBPGR and ISSCT
International Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources and
International Society of Sugarcane Technologists to
participate in the sugarcane genetic resources program.
b) Countries and universities
USA, Brazil, Cuba, Australia
CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR SUBTROPICAL HORTICULTURE (CISH)

• Date of visit: 7th December, 2017

• INTRODUCTION:
• started as Central Mango Research
Station on September 4, 1972 under
the aegis of the Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research, Bangalore.
• Renamed as Central Institute for
Subtropical Horticulture (CISH) on
June 14, 1995

• LOCATION:
• 25 km from Lucknow-Hardoi Road at
Rehmankhera in the vicinity of
Kakori and Malihabaad, the famous
mango belt of Uttar Pradesh.
• AREA:
• Its experimental farms are spread over an area of 132.5 ha , comprising of 4
blocks( block 1- 15.5 ha, block 2 - 35.5 ha, block 3 – 37.42 ha and block 4 –
44.18 ha) located at Rehmankhera.
• Its other campus comprising 13.2 ha is located at Lucknow- Rae Barely
• RECOGNITION:
• Recognized by IGNOU, New Delhi as one of the study centres for offering one
year Diploma Course on value added products from fruits and vegetables.
• National Horticulture Mission has identified the Institute as nodal centre for
imparting training on rejuvenation of old and senile mango orchards and
meadow orcharding in guava.
• FACILITIES:
• two experimental farms, one at Rehmankhera (132.5 ha)
• other (13.2 ha) at Rai Bareli (R.B.) Road
• Has scientific nursery facilities, well established orchards, fully equipped
laboratories; trainees hostel-cum-guest house
• fully equipped pesticide residue analysis and bio-control laboratories
• Kisan Call Centre (Toll Free No:18001801551)
• MANDATES:
• To undertake basic and applied research to
enhance productivity and develop value
chain for major and minor sub tropical fruits.
• To function as national repository of above
fruit crops.
• To act as a centre for human resource
development and provide consultancy to the
stake holders.
• To develop linkage with national and
international agencies to accomplish the
above mandates
• OBJECTIVES:
• Management of genetic resources of mandated fruit crops and
their conventional and molecular characterization.
• Crop improvement through breeding and genetic engineering.
• Enhancing productivity through improving quality and quantity
of planting materials using modern propagation techniques
and rootstocks, precision farming practices including
mechanization and management of biotic and abiotic stresses.
• Reduction in post-harvest losses through improved post-
harvest management practices, value addition and
diversification of products.
• Human resource development, transfer of technology and
evaluation of its socio-economic impact.
• Data storage and retrieval on all aspects of mandated crops
• VARIOUS MANGO AND
GUAVA VARIETIES
DEVELOPED BY CISH:
• Mango varieties
– Ambika
– Arunika
• Guava varieties
– Lalit
– Shweta
 HIGH DENSITY PLANTING IN MANGO
• maximum utilization of land, water,
nutrients and solar energy.
• high economic returns per unit
area.
• Conventionally, mango is planted at
10 x 10m (100trees/hectare); high
density planting (HDP) can
accommodate 400 trees per
hectare (5 x 5m).
• Canopy management involving
training and pruning
• With integration of fertigation
technology, productivity as high as
14-15 tons could be achieved as
against 7-8 tonnes
under conventional system.
• Fruit drop is minimum (4.2 %)
under HDP
 HIGH DENSITY PLANTING IN GUAVA:

• Planted at 3 x 6m (555plants/hectare) provides cent per cent

higher planting density over 6 x 6m spacing (277plants/hectare).
• Higher fruit yield (159.4/tree) in 3 x 3m planting system over 6 x
6m (124kg/tree) was observed in 8 year old trees.
• Recommended planting density under conventional system is 277
plants per hectare (6 x 6m).
• Bearing habit is on current season’s growth; responds well to
training and pruning; canopy engineering is feasible.
• HDP together with canopy management provided 47.1 tonnes per
hectare yield, 65.2 per cent increase over the recommended
spacing.
• Allahabad Safeda and Lalit perform well under HDP.
 ULTRA HIGH DENSITY IN GUAVA
• A ‘Meadow Orcharding’ system; very high productivity with
superior fruit quality.
• Plants spaced at 1 x 2m accommodate 5000 plants per hectare;
canopy management through topping and hedging.
• Plants are topped 2 months of planting in October for emergence of
new shoots below cut end.
• 50 per cent length of each new shoots, pruned again in December-
January for induction of more shoots; flower buds differentiate; well
spread is attained by May.
• Heading back of all shoots is repeated annually in September, May
and January; ensures dwarf, compact canopy, better fruiting and
easy horticultural operations.
• Production starts from very first year of planting, 12.5 tonnes
reaching up to 55 tones perhectare. Lalit performs very well.
 ACHIEVEMENTS:
• largest germplasms collection of 700 mangoes in Asia
• Concept of meadow orchard has developed recently in India by CISH.
• Micro propagation technology using shoot bud culture has been developed
in guava, aonla, bael and jamun.
• Somatic embryogenesis protocols have been developed in guava and papaya.
• Genetic transformation system has been developed in papaya and guava
• Five putative transgenic papaya plants containing Cp gene of PRSV have been
developed and these are being evaluated in the transgenic glass house.
• Two hundred cultivars of mango from eastern and northern parts of India
were characterized with 30 STMS primers and data is used for genotyping.
• In preliminary marker-association studies in mango, four markers have been
found to be associated with traits, fruit length and fruit weight.
• STMS primers and variability was detected among clones of Dashehari and
Himsagar. Chausa clones showed no variation.
• 19 cultivars/accessions of guava were characterized with 8 microsatellite
primers, which were able to discriminate cultivars.
• 24 litchi cultivars have been characterized using 20 RAPD primers and 6 SSR
primers.
 Laboratory at CISH,Lucknow

Scientists of CISH explaining about Institute

 CONCLUSION:

• In subtropical region wide varieties of fruit

plants can be grown because of the favourable
weather condition that prevails in these
regions.