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Post-Medical Image Processing: Group 4

The document discusses various techniques in post-medical image processing including filtering, enhancement, registration, classification, texturing and segmentation. Filtering techniques such as smoothing and sharpening are used to reduce noise, while enhancement improves quality. Registration combines images for more information. Classification identifies images by category while texturing and segmentation separate images into parts for easier analysis.

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12 views41 pages

Post-Medical Image Processing: Group 4

The document discusses various techniques in post-medical image processing including filtering, enhancement, registration, classification, texturing and segmentation. Filtering techniques such as smoothing and sharpening are used to reduce noise, while enhancement improves quality. Registration combines images for more information. Classification identifies images by category while texturing and segmentation separate images into parts for easier analysis.

Uploaded by

dencemarlim17
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POST- MEDICAL IMAGE

PROCESSING

GROUP 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 FILTERING
03 REGISTRATION

CLASSIFICATION,
CONTRACTION AND
TEXTURING AND
02 ENHANCEMENT
04 SEGREGATION
POST- MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING
- The commonly used term "medical image processing" means the provision of digital
image processing for medicine.
- Modern imaging devices and protocols, whether in CT, MRI, or ultrasound, generate
large volumes of information that enhance not only our diagnostic roles, but treatment
planning as well.

Medical image processing covers five major areas;


1. Image formation
2. Image visualization
3. Image analysis
4. Image management
5. Image enhancement:
Filtering
● Filtering is an operation that changes the observable quality of an image, in terms of
resolution
contrast
noise

● Medical Image filters are one of the tools used in image processing to lower image
"noise" in low radiation dose.
Smoothing
● When we smooth an image, we remove high-frequency components
● This helps reduce noise in the image
Sharpening
● Highlight fine detail or enhance detail that has been blurred.
Mean filtering
● A very simple example of a spatial filter is the mean filter.

● mean filter is a low-pass filter

A low-pass filter reduces high-frequency components in the Fourier transform (FT) of


the image

• Mean filtering is an example of an image smoothing operation.


• Smoothing and removal of high-frequency noise
Gaussian Filter
● A Gaussian Filter is a low pass filter used for reducing noise (high frequency
components) and blurring regions of an image.

● Gaussian filter is a low-pass filter.

● Kernels are commonly used to lower noise or enhance edge information.


Application of the Gaussian filter
● To apply low-pass filtering to a digital image, we perform convolution between the
image and the Gaussian filter.

● Convolution with Gaussian filter remove high frequencies in the image and the smoother
the result of the filtering.
Contraction and Enhancement
● Contraction means “ the tightening or shortening or reduction in size.”

● Enhancement means to improve and it can describe anything that’s an


improvement to the quality of something.
Histogram after HE Histogram after AHE Histogram after CLAHE
●
Wavelet Threshold
The basic idea behind wavelet denoising, or wavelet thresholding, is that the wavelet transform
leads to a sparse representation for many real-world signals and images.
• This is the signal estimation technique that exploits the capabilities of wavelet transform for
signal denoising. Wavelet denoising attempts to remove the noise present in the signal while
preserving the signal characteristics, regardless of its frequency content.
Median Filter
• Is the filtering technique used for noise removal from images and signals.
Median filter is very crucial in the image processing field as it is well
known for the preservation of edges during noise removal.
• Is a most frequently used technology to remove the noise from the
radiographic image. The median filter deploys a small mask template,
which is usually in a size of 3x3 or 5x5. The template operation maybe
calculated by either correlation or convolution operators. The median
filter replaces a pixel’s gray level with the median value of its
neighborhood.
How to enhance medical images?
● Increase contrast

● Remove noise

● Emphasize edges
I. Edges boost
II. Unsharp masking

● Modify shapes
Image Registration
• Is the process of combining two or more images for providing more
details and information.
• Intensity-based automatic image registration is an iterative process. It
requires that you specify a pair of images, a metric, an optimizer, and a
transformation type. In this case, the pair of images is the MRI image
which is the size of 512x512 and the image which is the size of 256x256.
Purpose of Image Registration
• Image registration is a key step in a great variety of biomedical imaging
applications. It provides the ability to geometrically align one dataset with
another, and is a prerequisite for all imaging applications that compare
datasets across subjects, imaging modalities, or across time.
• Image registration is a process whereby images are brought into spatial
correspondence with one another. By registering images into a single
coordinate system, one can create fusion images and perform many
quantitative analyzes. Image registration is not restricted to aligning images
of the same modality.
Registration
● Image registration is the process of combining two or more images for providing more
information.

Unimodal registration
-refers to calibration to the relative calibration of images that have been that have been
acquired with the same modality.
Registration
● Multi-Modal Registration
-the images to be compared are captured by with different modalities.
Types of Image Registration Process
• Transformation Model
 Defines a geometric transformation between the images.
• Similarity Metric
 Measures the degree of alignment between the images.
• Optimization Method
 Maximizes the similarity measure.
• Validation Protocol
 Measures the performance of the registration techniques in general terms such as accuracy and
robustness as well as in application-specific terms such as clinical utility.
Classification, Texturing & Segregation

• Is one of the most important problems in the image recognition area, and
its aim is to classify medical images into different categories to help
doctors in disease diagnosis.
Classification
● Medical image classification is one of the most important problems in the image
recognition area, and its aim is to classify medical images into different categories to
help doctors in disease diagnosis or further research.

Medical image classification divided into two steps.

1. Extracting effective features from the image.


2. Using the features to build models that classify the image dataset.
Textures
● texture measures as a way of classifying regions of interest in images, for example
to differentiate between healthy and pathological tissue, or in order to separate
different anatomical structures
Texture/Texturing
• One of the vital features in image processing and especially biomedical
image analysis.
Image segmentation
● Is a technique of segregation the image into many parts.

● It make the images easy to analyze and interpret with preserving the quality.

● Used to trace the objects' borders within the images.

● It Labels the pixels according to their intensity and characteristics.

● Used to create 3D contour of the body of clinical purposes.


Image segmentation
Segmentation technique used in
1. Machine perception
2. Malignant disease analysis
3. Tissue volumes
4. Anatomical and functional analyses
5. 3D rendered technique
6. Virtual reality visualization
7. Anomaly analysis
8. Object definition and detection.
Segregation/Segmentation
• This is a technique of segregating the image into many parts. The basic
aim of this segregation is to make the images easy to analyze and
interpret.
• Segmentation techniques allow the separation of different areas or tissues
of interest, and noise elimination techniques from images allow the
improvement of image quality.
Thank you!

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