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Ofc Unit V Lecture1 2

1) The document discusses key considerations for designing optical fiber communication links, including transmission distance, data rate, and bit-error rate requirements. 2) Two main analyses are described: the link power budget to ensure sufficient power reaches the receiver, and the rise time budget to account for pulse broadening over the link. 3) Key components discussed include optical sources, fibers, and detectors, and how their characteristics influence the maximum possible transmission distance for a given data rate.

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Achala Deshmukh
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18 views32 pages

Ofc Unit V Lecture1 2

1) The document discusses key considerations for designing optical fiber communication links, including transmission distance, data rate, and bit-error rate requirements. 2) Two main analyses are described: the link power budget to ensure sufficient power reaches the receiver, and the rise time budget to account for pulse broadening over the link. 3) Key components discussed include optical sources, fibers, and detectors, and how their characteristics influence the maximum possible transmission distance for a given data rate.

Uploaded by

Achala Deshmukh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

OFC UNIT V

Design Considerations
in Optical Links
Achala Deshmukh
Semester II
Lecture 1, 2
Point to point Links: System design
considerations T1: 8.1, 8.1.1
Link Power budget, Rise Time budget,
T1: 8.1.2, 8.1.3

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 2


Point-to-Point Link
Simplest transmission link, a transmitter on
one end and a receiver on the other.
Least demand on optical fiber technology.

Actual link design and analysis require several


iterations

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 3


Key System Requirements
Desired (or possible) transmission distance
Data rate or channel bandwidth
Bit-error-rate (BER)

To fulfill these requirements the designer has


to choose source, fiber and detector and their
associated characteristics.

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 4


Optical Source
LED or Laser Diode Optical Source
Emission wavelength
Spectral Line-width
Output Power
Effective radiating area
Emission pattern
Number of emitting modes

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 5


Fiber
Multimode or Single mode fiber
Core size
Core refractive-index profile
Bandwidth or dispersion
Numerical aperture or mode field diameter.

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 6


Optical Detector
pin or avalanche photodiode
Responsivity
Operating wavelength
Speed
Sensitivity

Two analyses are carried out to ensure that the


desired system performance can be met:
Link Power Budget
System Rise Time Budget

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 7


System Considerations
Decide at which wavelength to transmit
Then choose components that operate in this region.
 For short distance 800 -900 nm range
 For relatively long distance 1300-1550 nm range
 Lower attenuation and dispersion at this range
Select photo detector
Then choose an optical source
See how far data can be transmitted over a
particular fiber before an amplifier is needed.
Determine minimum optical power that must fall on
detector to satisfy BER requirement at specified data
rate.
OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 8
Link Power Budget

Optical power-loss model

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 9


Link loss budget is derived from the sequential
loss contributions of each element in the link.
POUT
loss  10 log
PIN
Link power margin is normally provided to
allow for component aging, temperature
fluctuations and losses arising from
components that might be added in future.
Normally link margin is 6 to 8 dB.

PT =

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 10


PT  PS  PR
PT = Total optical power loss
PS = Optical power emerging from the end of a
fiber attached to the light source.
PR= Receiver Sensitivity
PT  2lc   f L  system _ m arg in

lc = connector loss


αf = fiber attenuation (dB/km)
L= Transmission distance

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 11


OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 12
OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 13
OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 14
Example link-loss budget

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 15


OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 16
Rise Time Budget
Convenient method to determine dispersion
limitations of an optical fiber link.
Total rise time (tsys) of the link is root sum square of
the rise times of each contributors ti to the pulse
rise time.

Elements that significantly limit system speed.


 ttx = transmitter rise time
 tGVD = Group Velocity Dispersion (GCD) rise time
 tmod = Modal dispersion rise time
 trx = receiver rise time
 Single mode fiber do not experience modal dispersion.
OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 17
Rise Time Budget . . .
The total transmission time
degradation of a optical link should
not exceed
70% for an NRZ bit period
30% for an RZ bit period

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 18


Transmitter Rise Time: ttx
It is an attributable primarily to the light
source and its drive circuitry

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 19


Receiver Rise Time: trx
10 to 90 percentage rise time
If Brx is 3-dB electrical bandwidth of receiver in
MHz then the receiver front end rise time in
nano-seconds is
350
t rx 
Brx

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 20


Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) Rise
Time: tGVD
Fiber rise time tGVD resulting from GVD over a
length L can be approximated by
tGVD  D L 

σλ= Half power spectral width of the source


D = Dispersion
Dispersion value generally changes from fiber
section to section in a long link, an average
value should be used for ‘D’

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 21


Modal Dispersion Rise Time: tmod
Bandwidth BM in a link of length L can be
expressed to a reasonable approximation by the
empirical relation B
BM ( L)  0
q
L
B0 = Bandwidth of a 1-km length of cable
q= parameter ranges from 0.5 to 1.0
q = 0.5 : steady state modal equilibrium
q = 1.0 : little mode mixing
Reasonable estimate is q=0.7 based on field
experience.

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 22


Rise time resulting from modal dispersion is
0.44
t mod 
BM

If tmod is expressed in nano-seconds and B M in MHz


440
t mod 
BM

Total System Rise Time


t sys  t  t
2
tx
2
mod t 2
GVD t 2
rx 
1
2

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 23


Rise time budget

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 24


OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 25
OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 26
Fig. 8-5: Transmission distance vs data rate

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 27


Fig. 8-6: Transmission distance vs data rate

OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 28


OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 29
OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 30
OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 31
OFC UNIT V Lecture 1 32

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