Scribd
Upload
107 views30 pages

G8 Science Q3 - Week 5-6 - Elements and Atoms

Here are the Lewis structures for the ions: 1. P: Valence electrons = 5 P 2. O+2: Valence electrons = 6 O 3. Ba: Valence electrons = 2 Ba 4. At: Valence electrons = 7 At 5. Ba+2: Valence electrons = 0 Ba+2 6. C+2: Valence electrons = 4 C 7. Zn+2: Valence electrons = 2 Zn 8. W+6: Valence electrons = 0 W+6 9. Cu+1: Valence electrons = 1 Cu 10. F-1: Valence electrons = 7 F

Uploaded by

Iemmee Jane Dinglasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
107 views30 pages

G8 Science Q3 - Week 5-6 - Elements and Atoms

Here are the Lewis structures for the ions: 1. P: Valence electrons = 5 P 2. O+2: Valence electrons = 6 O 3. Ba: Valence electrons = 2 Ba 4. At: Valence electrons = 7 At 5. Ba+2: Valence electrons = 0 Ba+2 6. C+2: Valence electrons = 4 C 7. Zn+2: Valence electrons = 2 Zn 8. W+6: Valence electrons = 0 W+6 9. Cu+1: Valence electrons = 1 Cu 10. F-1: Valence electrons = 7 F

Uploaded by

Iemmee Jane Dinglasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Elements

& Atoms

PREPARED BY: TYPE YOUR NAME HERE


S8MTIIIe-f-10

Determine the
number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons
in a particular atom;
An atom refresher

• Matter is anything that takes up


space and has mass.
• All matter is made of atoms
• Atoms are the building blocks of
matter, sort of how bricks are the
building blocks of houses.
An atom refresher
• An atom has three parts:
• Proton = positive
• Neutron = no charge
• Electron = negative

• The proton & neutron are found


in the center of the atom, a place
called the nucleus.
• The electrons orbit the nucleus.
What are elements?
Elements are the alphabet to the
language of molecules.
To make molecules, you must have
elements.
Elements are made of atoms. While the
atoms may have different weights and
organization, they are all built in the
same way.
More about Elements..
Elements are the building
blocks of all matter.
The periodic table is a list of all
of the elements that can build
matter. It’s a little like the
alphabet of chemistry.
The periodic table tells us several
things…
Periodic Table
Atomic Number:
Number of protons
and it is also the 8
number of electrons
in an atom of an
element. Element’s Symbol:
An abbreviation for
O
the element.
Elements Name
Oxygen
16
Atomic Mass/Weight:
Number of protons +
neutrons.
Atom Models

There are two models of the atoms


we will be using in class.
Bohr Model
Lewis Dot Structure
Bohr Model
The Bohr Model shows all of
-
the particles in the atom.
In the center is circles. Each
circle represents a single +
+
neutron or proton. Protons
should have a plus or P
written on them. Neutrons -
should be blank or have an N.
In a circle around the nucleus
are the electrons. Electrons
should have a minus sign or
an e.
Electrons have special rules….

You can’t just shove all of the electrons into the


first orbit of an electron.
Electrons live in something called shells or
energy levels.
Only so many can be in any certain shell.
Nucleus

1st shell

2nd shell

3rd shell
Electrons have special rules….

You can’t just shove all of the electrons into the first
orbit of an electron.
Electrons live in something called shells or energy
levels.

Only so many can be in any certain shell.


The electrons in the outer most shell of any element
are called valance electrons.
So let’s try it….

 How to draw a Lithium atom


 First, look at the Periodic Table
 Second, determine the number of protons (Look @ the
atomic number) 3
 Then determine the number of neutrons (Atomic mass –

Li
atomic number)
 Then determine the number of electrons (Look @ the atomic
number)

Lithium
7
So let’s try it…. Protons = 3

- 3
+
+ + Li
-
-
Lithium
7

Electrons = 3
Neutrons = 4
2 in the 1 shell, 1 in the 2
st nd
shell
(7-3=4)
Lewis Dot Structure
- - -

+
- + + + -

+ + +
+
- -
-

The Lewis Dot Structure is a bit


different from the Bohr model.
It only shows the element symbol
•
and it’s outer most electron shell. •O •
•
••
AIM: How to write Lewis
Dot Structures (Electron
Dot Structures)
DO NOW:
1. READ BOTH SIDES OF THE HANDOUT.
. WRITE THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION (ORBITAL NOTATION
OF PHOSPHORUS ATOM, AND PHOSPHORUS ION.
3. DRAW THE LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE FOR THE ATOM AND THE
ION.
Valence Electrons
Valence Electrons are the electrons in
the highest occupied energy level of
an atom

You can tell the number of valence


electrons from the group number
Octet Rule
Octet rule says that atoms like to have
full outer shells of only eight electrons.

Atoms will lose or gain valence


electrons to make their outer shells full
with eight electrons, and they do this
by bonding with other atoms.
Lewis Dot Structure (Electron Dot
Structure)
A Lewis dot structure is a quick and
easy diagram that shows the valence
electrons in an element. In a Lewis
structure, the nucleus of the element is
represented by its symbol. The valence
electrons are represented by dots placed
around the symbol in pairs.
Rule #1. No side can have
more than two dots because
each orbital can only hold
two electrons.

Rule #2. When filling the


sides of the element symbol
each side gets one dot
before doubling up.
Exceptions are hydrogen
helium.
Across Period 2
Formation of Cations

A positively charged ion


Na  Na+ + e-
Mg  Mg2+ + 2e-
Formation of Anions
Negatively charged particles

Cl + 1e-  Cl -
What is the Lewis electron dot diagram
for each ion?

Ca2+
O2−
Solution
 Having lost its two original valence electrons, the
Lewis electron dot diagram is just Ca2+.
Ca2+
 The O2- ion has gained two electrons in its valence
shell, so its Lewis electron dot diagram is as follows:
SUMMARY
Lewis electron dot diagrams use dots to
represent valence electrons around an atomic
symbol.
Lewis electron dot diagrams for ions have less
(for cations) or more (for anions) dots than the
corresponding atom.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each
element.
bromine
gallium
2. Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each
ion.
Mg2+
S2−
State the number of valence electrons
and draw the Lewis Structure of the
following ion:
1. P 6. C+2
2. O+2 7. Zn +2
3. Ba 8. W+6
4.At 9. Cu+1
5. Ba+2 10. F-1

You might also like