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Halogens

The document defines halogens as the elements in group 7 of the periodic table, which are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. It describes their physical properties such as melting and boiling points, solubility, and conductivity. Halogens are also described as having characteristic colors ranging from pale yellow to dark red depending on the specific element. Their chemical properties include forming diatomic molecules, existing as negatively charged ions, having weak intermolecular forces, and being poisonous. Halogens have seven valence electrons, making them highly reactive as they tend to gain one electron. Reactivity decreases and melting/boiling points increase as you move down the group, while color gets darker

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44 views10 pages

Halogens

The document defines halogens as the elements in group 7 of the periodic table, which are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. It describes their physical properties such as melting and boiling points, solubility, and conductivity. Halogens are also described as having characteristic colors ranging from pale yellow to dark red depending on the specific element. Their chemical properties include forming diatomic molecules, existing as negatively charged ions, having weak intermolecular forces, and being poisonous. Halogens have seven valence electrons, making them highly reactive as they tend to gain one electron. Reactivity decreases and melting/boiling points increase as you move down the group, while color gets darker

Uploaded by

Noor Refaie
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Halogens

Discover the Periodic Table

Nooreldeen Tarek-Malak Magdy-Lara Wael-Hossam Sameh-


Youssef Attia

Science Department 10.7.2023


The Definition of halogens:
The halogens are the elements in group 7 of the periodic table. Those are:

• Fluorine

• Chlorine

• Bromine
• Iodine
• Astatine

They are also defined as poisonous unreactive nonmetals that form strongly acidic compound that are also referred
to usually as salts.
The Physical properties of halogens:
Firstly the melting and boiling points (the specific temperatures where a substance melts or boils) of halogens.
They are also sparingly soluble (very low solubility) in water (BYJUS, 2023). Halogens are also poor conductor of
heat and electricity (because they are originally non-metallic so like other non-metals they are poor conductors of
electricity).

Finally, the color of halogens (BYJUS, 2023):

• Fluorine : pale yellow gas

• Chlorine : greenish gas

• Bromine : dark red liquid


The chemical properties of halogens:

1 Di Atomic molecules 2 Valency (negative ions)

3 Weak intermolecular forces 4 Poisonous


THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
HALOGENS AND OTHER ELEMENTS IN
TERMS OF ELECTROIC
CONFIGURATION:
Halogens have seven valence electrons. This makes them highly reactive
elements. Simply, this electronic configuration gives them a strong tendency to
gain one electron and therefore react with another substance,
The trends in the halogens group:

Reactivity📉 Melting & Color gets


boiling pts📈 darker

As we go down into the


halogens group, the color gets
The shells increase as we go darker.
down the group so more &
stronger bonds are made and
therefore more energy is
The shells of halogens
needed to break the I.M.F.
increase as we down the
group, so the attraction
between the positive protons
and other electrons decreases.
Therefor the reactivity
decreases
Halogens Displacement Reactions
Higher reactive halogens will always displace less reactive halogens in reactions. But what does that even mean?
Industrial applications of halogens

1 Fluorine 2 Chlorine
1- used in toothpastes 1- used in making cleaning products

2-etching glass 2-used in removing stains from fabric

3-used in making fluoropolymers

3 Bromine 4 iodine
1- water purification 1-making dyes
THANK YOU!!!!!

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