Reading and Writing Unit 1
Reading and Writing Unit 1
Reading and Writing Unit 1
AND
WRITING
SKILLS
CORE KTO12
UNIT I: THE READING PROCESS
5. What is a Jabberwock?
6. What weapon is used to kill the Jabberwock?
7. What were your impressions of the poem before
reading? How about after reading? What caused the
changes?
Reading can be defined as a cognitive
process of decoding symbols to derive
meaning from a text. It is always an
interaction between the text and the
reader.
What is reading anyway?
Applying
Effective
Reading
Strategies
01 02
Pre-Reading During-Reading
Strategies Strategies
Pre-Reading Strategies
Getting an Overview of the Text
Previewing means looking at the readily visible parts of the text, like
titles and subtitles and also visuals and graphs, pictures, and charts.
● To preview the text properly, identify first your purpose for reading.
● Next, examine the titles and subtitles of the text.
● Afterwards browse the introduction and conclusion of the text.
● Finally, look at the visual elements of the text.
B. Skimming and Scanning
Skimming the text means you look for the main point of the reading
and identify the ideas that develop it.
Skimming the text means you look for the main point of the reading
and identify the ideas that develop it.
● To scan the text effectively, you need to have an idea of the details you
are looking for. The instructions of your teacher or questions about the
text may help you in knowing what to read.
● You do not have to read every word; just read until you locate the
details you are searching for.
C. Recalling Background Knowledge
As you read, you make sense of the sense of the text by seeing how it fits
with what you already know.
1. 2. 3.
Synonyms Antonyms Examples
4. Explanations 5.
and Definitions Situations
1. Synonyms
Synonyms are used when the text has words or phrases that are similar in
meaning to the unknown word.
● Alice envisaged the Jabberwock in her mind. She imagines its sharp
claws and jaws and the shivered in fright.
● The narrator in the poem was euphoric at his son’s victory for he cried
out triumphantly when the boy came home.
2. Antonyms
● Only a few weapons are truly nifty in hunting monsters like the vorpal sword.
● The boy’s father was ecstatic when he found out that the Jabberwock was
conquered by his son. His behavior included laughing, cheering, and hugging
his son.
4. Explanations and Definitions
● Humpty Dumpty told Alice that “brillig” means the same thing as
four o’ clock in the afternoon because that is when people started
broiling things for dinner.
● Alice thought that “toves” were curious creatures since they were
part-badger, part lizard, and part corkscrew.
5. Situations
Father
Denotation: a male parent
Connotation: association: positive
-feeling: love and respect
Daddy
Denotation: a male parent
Connotation: association: positive
feelings: love, familiarity, childhood
Denotation and Connotation
Examples:
1. House, Home, Shanty
2. Tita Jennifer says: He is thrifty. Tita Joanna says: He is
stingy.
3. Tita Jennifer says: He is very focused on his job. Tita
Joanna says: He is very obsessed with his job.
Lesson 2
Evaluating Written Texts by
Analyzing Claims
“Extraordinary claims require
extraordinary evidence.” – Carl Sagan
Enduring Understandings:
Picture this: Your phone vibrates, signaling a new message. You open
the message. It is from an unknown number, but what catches your
attention is its content: You have just won PHP 100,000 from a contest!
The only thing you need to do to claim your prize is to provide your
personal information, along with some credit card details.
1.
Keeping a 2. 3.
reading Annonating Outlining
journal the text the text
5.
4. Summarizing Questioning
the text the text
1. Keeping a reading journal
This process allows you to develop your impression of the text and
connect them to your personal experiences. This allows you to better
relate to the essay and understand the author’s ideas.
1. Keeping a reading journal
“We have attained our freedom, but our spirit is still bound by the
shackles forged from the frailties of our own nature. We owe it to
ourselves and our posterity to strike them down.”
2. Annotating the text
Annotating the text simply means making notes on your copy of the
reading.
This includes highlighting or underlining important passages and
writing notes, comments, questions, and reactions on the margins.
2. Annotating the text
Summarizing the text is similar to outlining, in that you need to get the
gist. A summary consists of getting the main points of the essay and
important supporting details.
Usually, locating the thesis statement and topic sentences are helpful
in creating your summary. The supporting details in a paragraph and
succeeding paragraphs may be used to develop or clarify the writer’s
point.
5. Questioning the text
This claim is what the writer tries to prove in the text by providing
details, explanations, and other types of evidence. As such, it is
usually found in the introduction or in the first few paragraphs of the
text.
The following are the characteristics of good
claims
Becoming a good critical reader means that you are able to logically
evaluate the claims of the writer, Any writer would want the reader to
consider – and possibly agree with – the claims that he or she puts
forward. In expository writing, assertions become the primary
channel for a reader to assent to a claim.
Identifying Assertions
Sampaguitas are the most beautiful and most fragrant of all flowers.
This statement is a preference because it says a lot about the type of
flowers that the writer likes, instead of objectively comparing the
qualities of sampaguitas to that of other flowers.
FORMULATING COUNTERCLAIMS
What are the major points on which you and the author can disagree?
What is their strongest argument? What did they say to defend their
position?
What are the weaknesses or shortcomings in their argument?
Are they any hidden assumptions?
Which lines from the text best support the counterclaim you have
formulated?
DETERMINING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
Unified;
Relevant to the central point;
Specific and concrete;
Accurate; and
Representative or typical.
MAYBE YOU NEED TO DIVIDE THE CONTENT
MERCURY VENUS
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot—even
a bit larger than our Moon. The planet’s name hotter than Mercury—and its atmosphere is
has nothing to do with the liquid metal, since it extremely poisonous. It’s the second-
was named after the Roman messenger god, brightest natural object in the night sky after
Mercury the Moon
A PICTURE ALWAYS
REINFORCES THE
CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of long
texts. Your audience will appreciate that
A PICTURE
IS WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
AWESOME
WORDS
Key words are great for catching your audience’s attention
REINFORCE THE CONCEPT USING INFOGRAPHICS!
MARS MERCURY
Despite being red, Mars is a Mercury is the closest planet
cold place, not hot to the Sun
VENUS NEPTUNE
Venus has a beautiful name, Neptune is the farthest planet
but it’s terribly hot from the Sun
INFOGRAPHICS MAKE YOUR IDEA UNDERSTANDABLE…
Saturn is the ringed one. It’s composed
mostly of hydrogen and helium
MARS MERCURY
Despite being red, Mars is Mercury is the closest
a cold place, not hot planet to the Sun
VENUS NEPTUNE
Venus has a beautiful Neptune is the farthest
name, but it’s terribly hot planet from the Sun
A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS FINE
MARS VENUS
Despite being red, Mars is a Venus has a beautiful name
cold place, not hot. It’s full of and is the second planet from
iron oxide dust the Sun
Mercury is the closest planet Neptune is the farthest planet Saturn is the ringed one. It’s
to the Sun and is only a bit from the Sun and the fourth- composed mostly of
larger than our Moon largest by diameter hydrogen and helium
MERCURY NEPTUNE SATURN
DO YOU PREFER THIS GRAPH?
35%
32%
23%
10%
HOW ABOUT THE PERCENTAGES?
386,000 km
is the distance between the Earth and the Moon
SOMETIMES, REVIEWING CONCEPTS IS A GOOD IDEA
You can explain your You can explain your You can explain your
product or your service product or your service product or your service
JENNA DOE
You can replace the image on
the screen with your own
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