5G RAN6.1 FDD 4T4R Cable Sequence Detection
5G RAN6.1 FDD 4T4R Cable Sequence Detection
5G RAN6.1 FDD 4T4R Cable Sequence Detection
1
4T4R Cable Sequence Detection
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Disclaimer
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Contents
1. Background
2. Detection Solutions
4. Engineering Guidelines
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1. Background
Beamforming applies to both downlink data and broadcast
signals.
For a 4T4R cell, the RRU channels corresponding to antenna Beam
ports 0 and 1 must be connected to a pair of physical antenna
ports with the same polarization direction (for example, +45° Signal
polarization). The RRU channels corresponding to antenna
ports 2 and 3 must be connected to another pair of physical
ports with the same polarization direction (for example, –45°
polarization). The polarization modes of logical antenna ports Broadcast
beamforming
and physical antenna ports corresponding to the RRU channels
may not be matched during installation. As a result, the
beamforming effect deteriorates.
In 5G RAN3.1, the NRDUCellCoverage.AntennaPortMapping Correct
parameter can be used to manually configure the optimal
mapping between antenna ports and RRU channels. This
Port0 Port2 Port1 Port3
configuration helps obtain the expected antenna port mapping
and eliminate the need of adjusting antenna installation.
However, you need to manually confirm the connections
between RRU channels and antenna polarization modes. Incorrect
In this case, the 4T4R cable sequence detection function is
introduced to automatically check the cable sequence and
provide the optimal antenna port mapping. Port0 Port1 Port2 Port3
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2. Detection Solutions
• Definition
The 4T4R cable sequence detection function can automatically check the sequence of physical cable connections and provide
recommended parameter configurations for the optimal antenna port mapping.
• Benefits
After the NRDUCellCoverage.AntennaPortMapping value is optimized, there is no need to check physical connections onsite. Instead,
you can change the value to adapt to different physical connections.
• The 4T4R cable sequence detection function provides column check, polarization check, and port mapping recommendation.
During engineering delivery, the cable connections between RRU ports and antennas do not strictly comply with the recommended cable
sequence. The 4T4R cable sequence detection function first performs column check and polarization check to determine the actual cable
connections between RRU ports and antennas, and then provides the recommended parameter configurations for port mapping.
Column detection
This function determines the two channels that belong to the same antenna column through downtilt adjustment. Column detection
depends on self-transmission and self-reception of antennas, not requiring manual operations.
Polarization detection
This function determines the two channels in the same polarization direction based on the correlation between uplink signals received
from UEs. This requires more than one RRC-connected UE in the cell.
Port mapping recommendation
After the antenna column and polarization direction are determined, this function provides recommended value for the
OptimalAntPortMapping parameter based on the optimal port mapping principle and determines whether to change the parameter
value to the optimal value.
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2. Detection Solutions - Port Reconfiguration
• The cable connections do not comply with the
recommended cable sequence, as shown in the
figure on the right. -45° +45° -45° +45° -45° +45° -45° +45°
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3. Application Scenarios and Impacts
• Recommended application scenarios
› In site deployment scenarios, you are advised to perform column detection in batches during off-peak hours (column detection does
not depend on UEs) and then perform polarization detection using drive test (DT) UEs.
› In commercial scenarios, you are advised to perform column detection and polarization detection during off-peak hours.
• Detection time and accuracy
› If more than one UE exists in the main lobe, the physical connection detection success rate is 90%.
› If a detection is successful, the expected correction rate is 90%. The correction rate of polarization detection is higher than that of
column detection.
› The total cable sequence detection time is 18 minutes to 24 hours, including 13 minutes for column detection and 5 minutes to 24
hours for polarization detection.
› When there are UEs in the main lobe, the detection success rate is equal to the number of detection completion times divided by
the total number of detection times.
› The correction rate is equal to the umber of correct detections divided by the number of complete detections.
• Function impacts
› Adjusting the electrical downtilt angles of antennas during column detection will degrade basic NR network KPIs by 30%. If
antennas are shared with LTE, LTE network KPIs are affected.
› In the current version, the detection precision of the NR solution is higher than that of the LTE solution. When a site supports both
NR and LTE, it is recommended that NR cells be preferentially selected for detection, avoiding simultaneous detection of two RATs.
If detection is performed for both RATs at the same time, the probability of detection failures on LTE or NR increases. The command
for the detection on the LTE side is STR CRSPORTOPTDET and that on the NR side is STR ANTENNAPORTOPTDET.
› During polarization detection, the uplink rate of DT UEs decreases, but the downlink rate is not affected. Therefore, you are advised
not to perform uplink tests on these UEs during polarization detection.
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3. Application Scenarios and Impacts
• Precautions
› It is recommended that column detection be enabled during off-peak hours, for example, in the
early morning. (During the command execution, antenna downtilt adjustment affects KPIs such as
the network coverage.)
› Polarization detection requires that there be more than one UE in the cell center or at a medium
distance from the cell center. For polarization detection in a newly deployed network, if there is no Under the
UE in the cell or UEs are located at the cell edge, you can use DT UEs in the cell center. tower
› UEs are 100-300 m away from the antenna and within the ±30° range around the normal line.
(The basic principle is that UEs are within the range of the main lobe. That is, UEs are within the 30° Side
lobe
±30° range around the normal line in the horizontal plane and within the ±3 dB range of the main
lobe in the vertical plane.) For example, for a 700 MHz antenna, the site height is 20 m, the
downtilt angle is 3°, and the vertical 3 dB beamwidth is 15°, the -3 dB position is at a distance of
108 m, and the +3 dB position is at a distance of infinity. Therefore, it is recommended that the
distance between the test UEs and the antenna be greater than 108 m.
› If all UEs are under the tower, at the side lobe, or at the cell edge, the detection fails. The
detection can be successful only when there are UEs in the main lobe.
› Enable UEs to perform downlink ping services, small-packet services, or downlink peak rate tests At the cell
edge
to maintain the RRC connection. Do not perform uplink packet injection because the overall uplink
load of a cell cannot exceed 30% generally and the uplink load of a 5 MHz cell cannot exceed
40%. Do not perform polarization detection during uplink-related tests.
› During entire-site detection, perform intra-site inter-cell column detection in serial mode and
polarization detection in parallel mode.
› The antenna must support the remote electrical tilt (RET) function.
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4. Engineering Guidelines
Deployment suggestion
› You are advised to perform column detection in batches during site deployment and then perform polarization detection during dialing
tests.
› In commercial scenarios, you are advised to perform column detection and polarization detection during off-peak hours.
Commands and parameters
› Run the STR ANTENNAPORTOPTDET command.
Parameter Parameter ID Description Setting Notes
Name
Antenna Port This parameter indicates the antenna port mapping optimization detection
AntPortOptDetPolicy parame-
Optimize policy. If this parameter is set to INTRA_CELL_DETECT, intra-cell cable For intra-cell cable sequence detection, set this
ter in the STR ANTENNAPOR-
Detection sequence detection is enabled. If this parameter is set to parameter to INTRA_CELL_DETECT.
TOPTDET command
Policy INTER_CELL_DETECT, inter-cell cable sequence detection is enabled.
Antenna Port AntPortAutoReconfigSw If this parameter is set to OFF, automatic antenna port mapping
For antenna port detection, turn off this switch.
Automatic parameter in the STR reconfiguration is not performed. If this parameter is set to ON after a
For reconfiguration, turn on this switch.
Reconfigure ANTENNAPORTOPTDET detection is complete, only antenna port mapping reconfiguration is
Reconfiguration will lead to cell reestablishment.
Sw command performed and no detection is performed.
The default value is COLUMN_POLAR. It is
AntPortMapOptDetMode If this parameter is set to COLUMN, only column detection is performed. recommended that column detection be
Antenna Port
parameter in the STR If this parameter is set to POLAR, only polarization detection is performed during off-peak hours by setting this
Mapping Opt
ANTENNAPORTOPTDET performed. If this parameter is set to COLUMN_POLAR, column parameter to COLUMN_POLAR and polarization
Det Mode
command detection and polarization detection are performed in serial mode. detection be performed during peak hours or
drive tests by setting this parameter to POLAR.
NrDuCellId parameter in the If the value of NR DU Cell ID is not specified, detection is performed on
STR the entire base station or antenna port reconfiguration is performed.
NR DU Cell ID Set this parameter as required.
ANTENNAPORTOPTDET If the value of NR DU Cell ID is specified, detection is performed only for
command the specified cell or antenna port reconfiguration is performed.
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4. Engineering Guidelines
• Activation procedure
• 1. Correctly bind the RET device with the specified Device No. to the cabinet, subrack, and slot numbers of the RRU
a) Run the following command: LST RETSUBUNIT, checking whether the RET device with the specified Device No. is correctly bound to the
cabinet, subrack, and slot numbers of the RRU. If two or more RET devices are used by the cell, checking whether any of them is correctly
bound to the cabinet, subrack, and slot numbers of the RRU, with connect Port 1 Port No. set to R0A.
b) If the bonding is incorrect, perform the following steps to correctly bind the Device No. of the RET antenna to the cabinet, subrack, and slot
numbers of the RRU
(1) For an RRU (RRU 60) that does not share the antenna system with others
MOD RETSUBUNIT:DEVICENO=0,SUBUNITNO=1,CONNCN1=0, CONNSRN1=60,CONNSN1=0,CONNPN1=R0A
(2) For two 4T4R RRUs (RRUs 60 and 61) that share the same antenna system
MOD RETSUBUNIT:DEVICENO=0,SUBUNITNO=1,CONNCN1=0, ,CONNSRN1=60,CONNSN1=0,CONNPN1=R0A,
CONNCN2=0,CONNSRN1=61,CONNSN2=0,CONNPN2=R0A
• 2. Performing only column detection
a) Run the following command: STR ANTENNAPORTOPTDET: AntPortOptDetPolicy=INTRA_CELL_DETECT, AntPortAutoReconfigSw=OFF,
AntPortMapOptDetMode=COLUMN;
b) After the detection is complete, run the DSP ANTENNAPORTOPTDET command. If the value of Antenna Port Mapping Opt Det Result
indicates that the column detection is complete, the command output provides the column detection completion time. If polarization detection
results are available before the column detection, the command output shows that the detection is complete and provides the detection
completion time. If the detection fails, the command output shows that the column detection fails.
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4. Engineering Guidelines
• Activation procedure
• 3. Performing only polarization detection
a) STR ANTENNAPORTOPTDET: AntPortOptDetPolicy=INTRA_CELL_DETECT, AntPortAutoReconfigSw=OFF,
AntPortMapOptDetMode=POLAR;
b) After the detection is complete, run the DSP ANTENNAPORTOPTDET command. If the value of Antenna Port Mapping Opt Det Result
indicates that the polarization detection is complete, the command output provides the polarization detection completion time. If column detection
results are available before the polarization detection, the command output shows that the detection is complete and provides the detection
completion time. If the detection fails, the command output shows that the polarization detection fails.
• 4. Performing column detection and polarization detection in serial mode
Perform column detection and polarization detection separately or in serial mode.
a) STR ANTENNAPORTOPTDET: AntPortOptDetPolicy=INTRA_CELL_DETECT, AntPortAutoReconfigSw=OFF,
AntPortMapOptDetMode=COLUMN_POLAR;
b) After the detection is complete, run the DSP ANTENNAPORTOPTDET command. If the value of Antenna Port Mapping Opt Det Result
indicates that the detection is complete, the command output provides the detection completion time. If the detection fails, the command output
shows that the column or polarization detection fails.
• 5. Performing antenna port reconfiguration
a) It is recommended that antenna port reconfiguration be performed based on the recommended optimal antenna port mapping after the value of
Antenna Port Mapping Opt Det Result indicates that the detection is complete.
b) A command example for manual reconfiguration: MOD NRDUCellCoverage:AntennaPortMapping=4T_XXXX;
c) If the AntPortAutoReconfigSw parameter is set to ON, the base station automatically configures the mapping based on the detected optimal
mapping. However, you are advised to set this parameter to OFF and manually configure the mapping using commands for network security.
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4. Engineering Guidelines
• Activation procedure
• 6. Stopping the detection
When the STP ANTENNAPORTOPTDET command is executed during the detection, the detection is stopped and the downtilt angle is restored
to the status before the detection.
• Observation method
a) Run the DSP ANTENNAPORTOPTDET command to check the detection status and results.
b) After the cell is reestablished, the existing detection results are retained, including column detection, polarization detection, and optimal
antenna port mapping results.
c) After the antenna port mapping is modified, the existing column detection and polarization detection results are not retained, and the optimal
antenna port mapping result is still retained.
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4. Engineering Guidelines - Observation Method
Field Output Description
NR DU Cell ID Indicates the ID of an NR DU cell, which uniquely identifies an NR DU cell within a gNodeB.
NR DU Cell Name Indicates the name of an NR DU cell.
Antenna Port Mapping Opt Det Result Indicates the latest result of antenna port mapping optimization detection in the cell.
Antenna Port Mapping Indicates the current mapping between antenna ports and RRU channels.
Optimal Antenna Port Mapping Indicates the optimal RRU channels for antenna port mapping.
Port Opt Det Completion Status Indicates the completion status of antenna port optimization detection of the entire base station.
Port Optimization Detection Progress(%) Indicates the antenna port optimization detection progress of the entire base station. The progress changes only after
the detection is complete for a cell. For example, if only one cell is involved, the progress is either 0% or 100%.
Latest Detection Complete Time Indicates the time when the latest result of antenna port mapping optimization detection indicates that a detection is
complete. Format: YEAR-MONTH-DAY HH:MM:SS.
Latest Column Detection Complete Time Indicates the time when the latest result of antenna port mapping optimization detection indicates that a column
detection is complete. Format: YEAR-MONTH-DAY HH:MM:SS.
Latest Polar Detection Complete Time Indicates the time when the latest result of antenna port mapping optimization detection indicates that a polarization
detection is complete. Format: YEAR-MONTH-DAY HH:MM:SS.
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4. Engineering Guidelines - Observation Method
Parameter Value Meaning Possible Cause Check Action
No detection has been
Check operation logs to verify whether a detection was performed.
performed.
NA No detection
The cell is deleted and the
Check operation logs to verify whether there were operations that caused cell reestablishment.
APP is reset.
1. Check whether the antenna supports RET and whether the RET configuration is correct.
2. Ensure that the antenna is an integrated 4H1V antenna. Combined antennas and 2H2V antennas
are not supported.
3. Ensure that the initial electrical tilts of the same physical antenna are the same.
Hardware
4. Check operation logs to determine whether the downtilt query and modification commands have
been executed during the detection. These operations may cause RET conflicts, leading to a
FAILURE_COLUMN/ detection failure. Therefore, you are not advised to perform these operations during the detection.
FAILURE_POLAR/ Detection failure 5. Check whether RET configurations are correct.
FAILURE_JUDGE 1. Query the average number of UEs in the cell, and ensure that there are online UEs in the cell.
2. Ensure that there must be one or more RRC_CONNECTED UEs during the detection.
3. Check that there are large signal fluctuations due to environment interference and the algorithm
Others threshold is not reached. You are advised to perform the detection for three times to improve the
detection success rate, or perform onsite check.
4. Check that antenna isolation does not meet the requirements and does not reach the algorithm
threshold. Perform onsite check.
3900 series and 5900 series macro base stations support detection, and LampSite base stations do
SCENARIO_NOT_SUPP Scenario not Base station model
not support detection.
ORTED supported
Hardware Easy Macro modules cannot be used.
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4. Engineering Guidelines - Observation Method
Parameter Value Meaning Possible Cause Check Action
3900 series and 5900 series macro base stations support detection, and LampSite
Base station model
base stations do not support detection.
Hardware Easy Macro modules cannot be used.
SCENARIO_NOT_SUPPOR
Scenario not supported Only 4T4R cells can be used. For details, see MIMO Feature Parameter
TED Cell
Description.
Mutually exclusive Check whether mutually exclusive functions are enabled based on section
functions "Software" in MIMO Feature Parameter Description.
FAILURE_TASK_DISRUPTI
Column detection failure_task
ON_COLUMN or The cell is deactivated or
interrupted or polarization Check operation logs for any operations that cause cell deactivation or restart.
FAILURE_TASK_DISRUPTI reset during the detection.
detection failure_task interrupted
ON_POLAR
The number of UEs for
FAILURE_TIMEOUT_COLU detection per hour is
Column detection failure_timeout
MN or excessively small, and the
or polarization detection Check the traffic statistics. There is at least one RRC_CONNECTED UE.
FAILURE_TIMEOUT_ UE distribution does not
failure_timeout
POLAR meet the polarization
detection requirements.
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4. Engineering Guidelines
Requirements on Hardware/NEs/Transmission
› Base station models: 3900 and 5900 series base stations. 3900 series base stations must be configured
with the BBU3910.
› Baseband processing units: All NR-capable main control boards and NR FDD-capable baseband
processing units support this function.
› RF modules: 4T4R RRUs as well as 2T2R/2T4R RRUs that can be combined for 4T4R support this function.
AAUs do not support this function.
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4. Engineering Guidelines
Requirements on Hardware/NEs/Transmission
Antennas: Check the antenna layout of the 4T4R cell. Cable sequence detection requires that two antenna columns be horizontally deployed (marked as 4H1V). If two antenna columns are stacked
(marked as 2H2V), cable sequence detection is not supported. Note: From the perspective of performance, 4H1V is preferred for 4T4R. To identify the antenna layout, perform the following steps:
Step 1: Find the antenna array diagram, as shown below, from the antenna Step 3: If two antenna columns on the same Step 3: If two antenna columns on the same
instructions. horizontal plane are used, 4H1V is configured. vertical plane are used, 2H2V is configured.
-45°+45° -45°+45°
Step 2: If the frequency band is 1427–2690 MHz, four antenna columns can be used
in this band, that is, y3, y4, y5, and y6.
Current TX/RX A TX/RX C TX/RX D TX/RX B Current TX/RX A TX/RX C TX/RX D TX/RX B
configuration configuration
Port0 Port1 Port3 Port2 Port0 Port1 Port3 Port2
4T_0213 4T_0213
4T4R RRU 4T4R RRU
CPRI CPRI
BBU BBU
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4. Engineering Guidelines
Mutually Exclusive/Prerequisite/Impacted Features
› Prerequisite features:
Function Name Function Switch Reference Description
Antenna-supported RET control Connections and configurations are ready. None None
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4. Engineering Guidelines
Mutually Exclusive/Prerequisite/Impacted Features
› Mutually exclusive features:
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4. Engineering Guidelines
› Impacted features:
Function Name Function Switch Reference Description
Intelligent INTRA_GNB_MULTI_CARR_SD_SW or Energy Conservation If carrier shutdown takes effect before antenna port detection is
carrier INTER_GNB_MULTI_CARR_SD_SW option of the and Emission Reduction completed, the detection fails.
shutdown NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.PowerSavingSwitch parameter
Timing carrier TIMING_CARRIER_SHUTDOWN_SW option of the Energy Conservation If carrier shutdown takes effect before antenna port detection is
shutdown NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.PowerSavingSwitch parameter and Emission Reduction completed, the detection fails.
Symbol Power NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.SymbolShutdownSwitch Energy Conservation The number of times symbol power saving takes effect
Saving and Emission Reduction decreases during antenna port detection.
Deep symbol DEEP_SYMBOL_SHUTDOWN_SW option of the Energy Conservation The number of times deep symbol power saving takes effect
power saving NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.PowerSavingSwitch parameter and Emission Reduction decreases during antenna port detection.
RF channel RF_SHUTDOWN_SW option of the Energy Conservation If channel shutdown takes effect before antenna port detection
intelligent NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.PowerSavingSwitch parameter and Emission Reduction start, the detection fails.
shutdown If channel shutdown takes effect during antenna port detection,
the channel shutdown duration is shortened.
DRX BASIC_DRX_SW option of the DRX The proportion of UEs that enter the DRX sleep state for power
NRDUCellUePwrSaving.NrDuCellDrxAlgoSwitch saving is lowered during the antenna port detection period.
parameter
Network slicing ADMISSION_BASED_ON_NS_ID_SW option of the Network Slicing UEs for which network slice PDU sessions have been
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.NetworkSliceAlgoSwitch established will not be selected for antenna port detection.
parameter
DMRS symbol NRDUCellPusch.UlAdditionalDmrsPos The cell with NRDUCellPusch.UlAdditionalDmrsPos set to
NOT_CONFIG or POS2 does not support cable sequence
detection. The detection result indicates that the scenario is not
supported.
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