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Unit 3 Programming

1. Programs can be written in machine language using 0s and 1s, in assembly language using mnemonics, or in high-level languages using statements. 2. Machine language programs are difficult to write and understand, while high-level languages are easier but require compilation. 3. Assembly language provides a middle ground, using mnemonics instead of binary but not requiring compilation like high-level languages.

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26 views

Unit 3 Programming

1. Programs can be written in machine language using 0s and 1s, in assembly language using mnemonics, or in high-level languages using statements. 2. Machine language programs are difficult to write and understand, while high-level languages are easier but require compilation. 3. Assembly language provides a middle ground, using mnemonics instead of binary but not requiring compilation like high-level languages.

Uploaded by

namrata puranik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming of 8085 Microprocessor

• To perform particular task programmer


writes a sequence of instructions called
program.
• A set of programs written for a particular
computer is known as software.
• A program written in the form of 0s and
1s is called a machine language program.
The demerits of machine language
programs
• It is very difficult to understand or debug a
program
• Programs are long
• Entry of a program is very slow
• Program writing is difficult and tiresome
• Chances of careless errors in writing the
program
• Program written using alphanumeric symbols
(Mnemonics) instead of zeros and ones is called
Assembly language program
Ex: ADD – Addition
SUB – Subtraction
CMP - Comparison

• Mnemonics are the alphanumeric symbols.


• A program which translates assembly language
program into machine language program is called
an assembler
High level Languages
• Program written using instructions (statements)
is called high level language.
Ex: FORTRAN,COBOL,BASIC,PASCAL, ALGOL & C
etc.

• A program that translates high level language


program into machine level language program is
called a compiler.
Advantages of High level Language
1. Instructions are very clear.
2. The writing of program in high level language is easier and
faster than the writing of programs in assembly level language.
A common estimate is the that the program writing in a high
level language is about 10 times faster. In a high level language
multiplication can be written in one step: S = P*Q. The same
thing in assembly language program takes about 10 lines.
3. Programs in high level language are portable that is they can
run on any computer with standard compiler for the language.
4. Easier documentation.
5. The program is independent of the structure of a particular
computer.
6. Standard syntax.
Disadvantages of High level Language
1. One has to learn the special rules for writing programs
in a particular high level language.
2. Low-speed. One statement in a high level language
corresponding to many instructions in machine
language. Hence the high level language takes more
time to produce results.
3. Low efficiency of memory utilization. A program in high
level language occupies a larger part of the memory.
4. Extensive hardware and software supports are required.
5. A compiler has to be provided to convert a high level
language program into a machine language program.
The compiler is costly.
Applications of Machine Language
• The machine language is preferred for the
following situations
1. For small and simple programs.
2. Simple control applications where less
computation is required.
3. Applications where prototype is the final
product.
Applications of Assembly Language
1. Small to moderate size of program.
2. Real time control application.
3. Small volume of data are to be processed.
4. Where cost of the memory is a consideration.
5. Where less computation are required.
6. In training kits.
7. While developing a program for microprocessor based
system for industrial work control, instrumentation
etc.
8. For industrial application.
Applications of High-level Language

1. For large programs.


2. Where large volume of data is to be
processed.
3. More computation is involved.
4. Applications requiring large memories.
5. For Complex mathematical computation.
6. Applications where high cost is justified.

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