OP E R AT I N G S Y S T E M

By :
Group 9 :
1. 3. Muhammad Asri Faradiba Andani 2. Andi Maulana Malik

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that manages computer hardware resources, and provides common services for application software. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system. Without an operating system, a user cannot run an application program on their computer, unless the application program is self booting.

Types of operating system :

Real-time Multi-user vs. Single-user Multi-tasking vs. Single-tasking Distributed Embedded

Timeline History of Operating System

1950s
1951 LEO I 'Lyons Electronic Office'[1] was the commercial development of EDSAC computing platform, supported by British firm J. Lyons and Co. 1954 MIT's Tape Director operating system made for UNIVAC 1103[2] 1955 General Motors Operating System made for IBM 701[3] 1956 GM-NAA I/O for IBM 704, based on General Motors Operating System 1957 Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer project start) BESYS (Bell Labs), for IBM 7090 and IBM 7094 1958 University of Michigan Executive System (UMES), for IBM 704, 709, and 7090 1959 SHARE Operating System (SOS), based on GM-NAA I/O

1960s
1960 IBSYS (IBM for its 7090 and 7094) 1961 CTSS (MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System for the IBM 7094) MCP (Burroughs Master Control Program) 1962 Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer commissioned) GCOS (GE's General Comprehensive Operating System, originally GECOS, General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor) 1963 Titan Supervisor, early time-sharing system begun AN/FSQ-32, another early time-sharing system begun 1964 EXEC 8 (UNIVAC) OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) (Announced) 1965 Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645) (Announced) BOS/360 (IBM's Basic Operating System) 1966 OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) PCP and MFT (Shipped) DOS/360 (IBM's Disk Operating System) MS/8 (Richard F. Lary's DEC PDP-8 system) 1967 CP/CMS (IBM, also known as CP-67) Michigan Terminal System (MTS)[4] (time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67 and successors) ITS (MIT's Incompatible Timesharing System for the DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10) 1968 Airline Control Program (ACP) (IBM) TSS-8 (DEC for the PDP-8) THE multiprogramming system (Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven) 1969 TENEX (Bolt, Beranek and Newman for DEC systems, later TOPS-20) Unics (later Unix) (AT&T, initially on DEC computers) RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (RC)

1970s
1970 DOS-11 (PDP-11) 1971 RSTS-11 2A-19 (First released version; PDP-11) OS/8 1972 RDOS SVS VM/CMS MUSIC/SP 1973 -1 (Elbrus-1) - Soviet computer - created using high-level language u-76 (AL 76/ALGOL 68). VME - implementation language S3 (ALGOL 68). RSX-11D RT-11 Alto OS 1974 DOS-11 V09-20C (Last stable release, June 1974) SINTRAN III MONECS 1975 CP/M BS2000 V2.0 (First released version) Sixth Edition Unix 1976 BCPL. Cray Operating System FLEX[6] TOPS-20 1977 1BSD KERNAL OASIS operating system TRS-DOS Virtual Memory System (VMS) V1.0 (Initial commercial release, October 25) 1978 2BSD Apple DOS HDOS 1.0 TripOS UCSD p-System (First released version) Lisp Machine (CADR) 1979 Atari DOS POS NLTSS UNIX/32V Version 7 Unix

1980s

1980 Pilot (Xerox Star operating system) Xenix 1981 MS-DOS Aegis SR1 (First Apollo/DOMAIN systems shipped on March 27[8]) 1982 Commodore DOS QNX Ultrix 1983 GNU (project start) Novell NetWare (S-Net) SunOS 1.0 1984 Mac OS (System 1.0) Venix 2.0 1985 SunOS 2.0 Version 8 Unix Windows 1.0 ('windows' is Not an Operating System (OS), but a shell) Xenix 2.0

1986 AIX 1.0 Genera 7.0 SunOS 3.0 Version 9 Unix 1987 IRIX (3.0 is first SGI version) MINIX 1.0 BS2000 V9.0 OS/2 (1.0) Windows 2.0 ('windows' is Not an Operating System (OS), but a shell) 1988 A/UX (Apple Computer) Mac OS (System 6) SunOS 4.0 TOPS-10 7.04 (Last stable release, July 1988) HeliOS 1.0 1989 NEXTSTEP (1.0) SCO UNIX (Release 3) Version 10 Unix Xenix 2.3.4 (Last stable release)

1990s
1990 Windows 3.0 ('windows' is Not an Operating System (OS), but a shell) 1991 Linux Mac OS (System 7) 1992 Solaris 2.0 (Successor to SunOS 4.x; based on SVR4 instead of BSD) Windows 3.1 ('windows' is Not an Operating System (OS), but a shell) 1993 FreeBSD Windows NT 3.1 (First Windows NT kernel public release) IBM 4690 Operating System Slackware 1.0 1994 AIX 4.0, 4.1 RISC OS 3.5 NetBSD 1.0 (First multi-platform release, October 1994) 1995 Digital UNIX (Tru64 UNIX) OpenBSD Windows 95 1996 Mac OS 7.6 (First officially-named Mac OS) Windows NT 4.0 Palm OS 1997 Mac OS 8 SkyOS 1998 Solaris 7 (First 64-bit Solaris release. Names from this point drop "2.", otherwise would've been Solaris 2.7) Windows 98 1999 Mac OS 9 Windows 98 (2nd edition)

(2000 - 2006)
2000
Windows 2000 (first of the Windows server operating systems to drop the 'NT' marketing)
Red Hat Linux 6.2E Windows Me Mac OS X v10.0 "Cheetah Windows XP Windows XP 64-bit Edition Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 Windows XP Service Pack 1

2004
Fedora Core 2 Ubuntu 4.10 (First released version) Fedora Core 3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

Windows XP Service Pack 2

2001
Mac OS X v10.1 "Puma

2005
Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
Mac OS X v10.4 "Tiger

2002
Mac OS X v10.2 "Jaguar

Ubuntu 5.04 Fedora Core 4 Debian 3.1 Windows Server 2008 Beta (CodeName: "Longhorn") Ubuntu 5.10

2003
Windows XP 64-bit Edition, Version 2003 Windows Server 2003 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 Mac OS X v10.3 "Panther Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 Fedora Core 1

2006
Windows Server 2003 R2 Fedora Core 5 Ubuntu 6.06 (LTS) Fedora Core 6 Ubuntu 6.10 Slackware 11.0 Windows Vista

2007-2011
2007

2009

Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Ubuntu 7.04 Debian 4.0 Fedora 7 Slackware 12.0 Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard Ubuntu 7.10 Windows Home Server Fedora 8 Windows Vista Service Pack 1, Windows Server 2008 Windows XP Service Pack 3 Ubuntu 8.04 (LTS) Fedora 9 Slackware 12.1
Ubuntu 8.10 Android Fedora 10 Slackware 12.2

Debian 5.0 Ubuntu 9.04 Windows Vista Service Pack 2 Fedora 11 Mac OS X v10.6 "Snow Leopard Slackware 13.0 Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 R2
Ubuntu 9.10 Android 2.0, Fedora 12

2010

2008

Ubuntu 10.04 (LTS) Fedora 13 Fedora 14

Ubuntu 10.10

2011
Windows 7 Service Pack 1 Debian 6.0 Ubuntu 11.04 Fedora 15 Mac OS X v10.7 "Lion Ubuntu 11.10

Operating System :
1. MICROSOFT WINDOWS
Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer market, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. As of August 2011, Windows has approximately 82.58% of the market share of the client operating systems according to Usage share of operating systems. The most recent client version of Windows is Windows 7; the most recent server version is Windows Server 2008 R2; the most recent mobile version is Windows Phone 7.

Version Of Windows :
19821985: Introducing Windows 1.0

On November 20, 1985, two years after the initial announcement, Microsoft ships Windows 1.0. Now, rather than typing MS-DOS commands, you just move a mouse to point and click your way through screens, or windows. Bill Gates says, It is unique software designed for the serious PC user There are drop-down menus, scroll bars, icons, and dialog boxes that make programs easier to learn and use. You're able to switch among several programs without having to quit and restart each one. Windows 1.0 ships with several programs, including MS-DOS file management, Paint, Windows Writer, Notepad, Calculator, and a calendar, card file, and clock to help you manage day-to-day activities. Theres even a gameReversi.

 19871992: Windows 2.02.11More windows, more speed

 19901994: Windows 3.0Windows NTGetting the graphics

 19952001: Windows 95the PC comes of age (and don't forget the Internet)

 19982000: Windows

98, Windows 2000, Windows Me

 Windows 2000 Professional

 20012005: Windows XPStable, usable, and fast

On October 25, 2001, Windows XP is released with a redesigned look and feel that's centered on usability and a unified Help and Support services center. Its available in 25 languages. From the mid-1970s until the release of Windows XP, about 1 billion PCs have been shipped worldwide. For Microsoft, Windows XP will become one of its bestselling products in the coming years. Its both fast and stable. Navigating the Start menu, taskbar, and Control Panel are more intuitive. Awareness of computer viruses and hackers increases, but fears are to a certain extent calmed by the online delivery of security updates. Consumers begin to understand warnings about suspicious attachments and viruses. Theres more emphasis on Help and Support.

 20062008: Windows VistaSmart on security

 2009Today: Windows 7 and counting...

By the late 2000s, the wireless world has arrived. When Windows 7 is released in October 2009, laptops are outselling desktop PCs and its common to get online at public wireless hotspots like coffee shops. Wireless networks can be created at the office or at home. Windows 7 includes many features, such as new ways to work with windowsSnap, Peek, and Shake. Windows Touch makes its debut, enabling you to use your fingers to browse the web, flip through photos, and open files and folders. You can stream music, videos, and photos from your PC to a stereo or TV. By the fall of 2010, Windows 7 is selling seven copies a secondthe fastest-selling operating system in history.

2. L I N U X
Linux is a computer operating system which is based on free and open source software. Although many different varieties of Linux exist, all are Unix-like and based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released October 5, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The name "Linux" comes from the Linux kernel, originally written in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The main supporting user space system tools and libraries from the GNU Project (announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman) are the basis for the Free Software Foundation's preferred name GNU/Linux. Linux runs on a wide variety of computer hardware, including mobile phones, tablet computers, routers, televisions video game consoles, desktop computers, mainframes and supercomputers.[14][15][16][17] Linux is a leading server operating system, and runs the 10 fastest supercomputers in the world.

Version Of Linux :
Ubuntu

Linux ubuntu distribution with an option of running it directly from CD (without installing it). Ubuntu is easy to configure and easy to install. During install you should enable the options to download/install updates and third party software to ensure that you can play flash, windows media and other formats. Ubuntu comes with its own set of programs, such as a full-fledged office suite, a good email program, the Mozilla Firefox Web browser, the Nautilus file manager and much more. It can also access (read/write) Windows NTFS and FAT partitions directly. Additional software such as the VLC media player and wine can be installed later on (automatically through the Internet) using the 'Synaptic Package Manager'.

 Debian
Debian GNU/Linux is a distribution that emphasizes free software. It is supported on
many hardware platforms. Debian and distributions based on it use the .deb package format and the dpkg package manager.

 Slackware

 Mandriva

 Redhat

 Fedora

3. MAC OS (MACINTOSH OPERATING SYSTEM)

Mac OS is a series of graphical user interface-based operating systems developed by Apple Inc. (formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) for their Macintosh line of computer systems. The Macintosh user experience is credited with popularizing the graphical user interface. The original form of what Apple would later name the "Mac OS" was the integral and unnamed system software first introduced in 1984 with the original Macintosh, usually referred to simply as the System software.

Version Of Mac OS X :
Public Beta: "Kodiak"

On September 13, 2000 Apple released "preview" version of Mac OS X (internally codenamed Kodiak) in order to gain feedback from users. The "PB" as it was known marked the first public availability of the Aqua interface and Apple made many changes to the UI based on customer feedback. Mac OS X Public Beta expired and ceased to function in Spring 2001.

 Version 10.0: "Cheetah"

 Version 10.1: "Puma"

 Version 10.2: "Jaguar"

 Version 10.3: "Panther"

 Version 10.4: "Tiger"

 Version 10.5: "Leopard"

 Version 10.6: "Snow Leopard"

 Version 10.7: "Lion"

SUMMARY
A computer's operating system is one of the most important "parts" of the computer. Almost every type of computer, including cellular telephones, needs an operating system in order to operate properly. When one turns on a computer, the operating system tells the computer what to do by controlling the system resources such as the processor, memory, disk space, etc. The operating system allows the user to work on the computer without having to know all the details about how the hardware works. When choosing an operating system for a business, the primary considerations should be the hardware platform used, the number of users and attendant system security requirements, the ease of administration, the adaptability toward different uses, and the different applications that will be employed.

Thank you for your attention. Have a nice day.