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Functions and Files

This document discusses functions and files in MATLAB. It introduces various built-in mathematical functions like ceil, fix, floor, round, sign, sec, csc, and asec. It then explains how to create user-defined functions with input and output variables, and how these functions are saved in M-files with the same name as the function. The document also covers global variables, subfunctions, anonymous functions, and importing and exporting data to and from files.

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10 views

Functions and Files

This document discusses functions and files in MATLAB. It introduces various built-in mathematical functions like ceil, fix, floor, round, sign, sec, csc, and asec. It then explains how to create user-defined functions with input and output variables, and how these functions are saved in M-files with the same name as the function. The document also covers global variables, subfunctions, anonymous functions, and importing and exporting data to and from files.

Uploaded by

87vr772j64
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNCTIONS AND FILES

by
Mohamed Hussein
Lecture 4

Introduction to Matlab
 Functions and Files
More Mathematical Functions
ceil (x) - round to the nearest integer
toward 
fix (x) - round to the nearest integer
toward 0 (zero)
floor (x) - round to the nearest integer
toward -
round (x) - round toward the nearest integer
sign (x) - +1 (if x>0), 0 (if x=0) or -1 (if x<0)
sec (x) - secant x
csc (x) - cosecant x
asec (x) - arc-secant x
User-Defined Functions
User own developed function is created using M-file with the
following features:
A function file must begins with function definition line with list of
inputs and outputs. This distinguishes a function M-file from script
M-file.
function [output variables]=function_name(input variables)
* the square bracket is optional if only one output variable is used

All variables in a function file are local which means their values
only available within the function (not in Matlab Command
window)
The filename the function being saved should have the same name
as the function (example: for function calculate the filename should
be calculate.m)
Use the command exist to check the availability of a filename
User-Defined Functions
Create the following function file (M-file) and save as cylinder1.m
function [cyl_area,cyl_volume]=cylinder1(radius,height)
%function to calculate area and volume of a cylinder
cyl_area= (2.*pi.*radius) .* height;
cyl_volume= (pi.*radius .^2) .* height;

>> radius = 4; height = 5;


>> [ cyl_area , cyl_volume] = cylinder1(radius, height)
cyl_area =
125.6637
cyl_volume =
251.3274
User-Defined Functions
>> clear ;
>> [ A, V] = cylinder1(4, 5)
A=
125.6637
V=
251.3274

What are the outputs of the followings:

>> cyl_area >> cyl_volume

>> radius >> height


User-Defined Functions

>> [A V] = cylinder1(4, [1:2:10])

A=

V=
Global Variable
To use a variable as global (available in function/s and Command
Window), global command can be used. To realize this let’s create the
following area_circumf .m function file

function [area, circumf] = area_circumf (radius)


%function to calculate area and circumference of a circle
global area circumf
area= (pi.*radius.^2);
circumf= (2.*pi.*radius);

>> [a c] = area_circumf(4)
a=
50.2655

c=
25.1327
Global Variable (cont.)
>> area
<error>

>> circumf
<error>

>> global area cicumf;


>> [area circumf]
ans=

50.2655 25.1327
Global Variable (cont.)
Lets modify the cylinder1.m file and save it as sub_cylinder.m
function [cyl_ area,cyl_volume]=sub_cylinder(height)
%function to calculate area and volume of a cylinder
global area circumf
cyl_area= circumf.*height;
cyl_volume= area.*height;

>> [ A, V] = sub_cylinder(5)
A=
125.6637
V=
251.3274
Subfunction
A function can have subfunction/s within its M-file. For example the
function cylinder can be form from function sub_cylinder and
function area_circumf (without using the global variables).
function [cyl_area,cyl_volume]=cylinder2(cir_radius,height)
%function to calculate area and volume of a cylinder
[cir_area,cir_circumf]=circle(cir_radius)
cyl_area= cir_circumf.*height;
cyl_volume= cir_area.*height;

function [a_rea,c_ircumf]=circle(radius)
%function to calculate circle area and circumference
a_rea = pi.*radius.^2;
c_ircumf = 2.*pi.*radius;
Anonymous Function
Annonymous function is a simple function created without the need
to create a M-file. It can be created in Command Window or within
another function or script. The syntex for anonymus function is:
fhandle - @(input_args) expression.

Where fhandle is the function handle variable, expression is any


single valid Matlab expression and input_args are consist of all the
variables used in the expression.
>> y = @(a,b ) 5 * a + b^2;
>> y (2,4)
ans =
26
Data Files
 To import ASCII data into Matlab, the data should first be edited
outside Matlab environment or using the Import wizard (File
>Import Data… <choose file>). Any data header should be
removed and commas (if exist) should be replaced by spaces.
 Data file can have any extension except .mat.
 If the data file has m lines and n values in each lines, the data will
be assigned to an m × n matrix of the variable name same as the
file name. (load filename)
 Microsoft excel workbook file (*.xls) can be easily imported using
the xlsread(‘filename’) command
>> A= xlsread(‘data’)
>> [A,B]=xlsread(‘data’) – array A will contains the workbook data
while array B will contains all text
Data Files (cont.)
 To export Matlab matrix as ASCII data file where rows and
columns are represented as space-delimited numeric values used
either Matlab command save-ACII or dlmwrite function
>> data1=[1,2,3,4;5,6,7,8];
>> save data_out.dat data1 –ASCII

 Try the followings


>>dlmwrite('example.dat',data1)
>>dlmwrite('example.dat',data1,'-append')
>>dlmwrite('example.da’,data1,'delimiter','\t','precision','%.6f')
>>dlmwrite('example.dat',data1,'newline','pc')
>>dlmwrite('example.dat',data1,'delimiter','\t','newline','pc')

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