REPORT IN PLANNING 1

MOVEMENT SYSTEM
(PEDESTRIAN)

SUBMITTED BY:
JUDY ANN R. AMEDO
BS ARCHITECTURE 3-A

SUBMITTED TO:
ARCH. RYAN ORTIGAS, UAP
 Introduction
-Pedestrians cross the road an average of two to three times on
every walking trip and may also need to cross railways,
waterways or other natural features.
-Their perceptions of the walking experience largely focus on
difficulties crossing roads and any problems with this can cause
delays and create a sense of insecurity.
-Therefore, correctly designing, building and signing appropriate
crossing facilities should be a major consideration when
developing pedestrian routes.
-This applies not only to facilities in the road reserve, but also to
off-road environments shared with cars, such as car parks.
 PEDESTRIAN
• A pedestrian is a person traveling on foot, whether walking or
running. In some communities, those traveling using tiny wheels
such as roller skates, skateboards, and scooters, as well as
wheelchair users are also included as pedestrians.

• In modern times, the term usually refers to someone walking on

a road or pavement, but this was not the case historically.
 “ General design considerations for
pedestrian crossing points”
• As an integral part of the pedestrian network, crossings should meet
the same minimum standards as through routes on the footpath,
especially in (The maximum permissible cross fall, maintaining
adequate overhead clearances and protrusions “the surface standard
stable and firm, and slip resistant even when wet not” containing
grates and covers).
• All crossing points should be designed to minimize pedestrians’
crossing distance, which means ensuring (they are at right angles to
the direction of the road ,and the roadway is as narrow at the crossing
point as possible).
• Crossings should be located on the pedestrian desire line.
• Parking should be prohibited for at least 15 m either side of the
crossing point (although this can be six metres if there is a kerb
extension at least two meter's deep).
 “ Crossing sight distance”
• At most crossing points pedestrians need to choose gaps in the
traffic stream to cross safely, so they must be able to see the
approaching traffic in good time.
• This distance, known as the “crossing sight distance ” is a critical
element in ensuring pedestrians can cross the road safely.

crossing sight distance (m) = crossing distance (m) 85th percentile vehicle speeds (km/h)
_____________________ x ________________________________
walking speed (m/s) 3.6
• Crossing sight distance should be calculated carefully to take
account of conditions at the site.
For example:
- The pedestrian line of sight may be blocked by permanent or
temporary obstructions
- Walking speed can vary owing to factors such as pedestrian ages
and physical condition, route gradients, pedestrian densities and
environmental conditions some pedestrians may take additional
time to start crossing, because of mobility or visual impairments,
uncertainty or double-checking that it is safe.
- The signed speed limit in the area should not be used as an
indication of actual vehicle speeds. Actual speeds are usually faster
than posted limits.
 “Landscaping at pedestrian crossing
points”
• Some pedestrian crossing points, such as kerb extensions and
pedestrian islands, create opportunities for landscaping or public art.
• The crossing point must also continue to operate effectively during
any landscaping maintenance, which means ensuring:
-Drivers are not distracted by maintenance work or vehicles .
- maintenance work or vehicles do not obscure pedestrian or driver
visibility.
- maintenance work or vehicles do not wholly or partially block
pedestrian routes and force those on foot to change direction .
- loose material is not spilled into the pedestrian route .
- Auditory cues (important to vision impaired pedestrians) are not
obscured.
 “Kerb crossings”
• It is an integral part of every crossing facility, whether mid-block or
at intersections.
Kerb crossings are of two types:
1.Kerb ramps
When designing kerb ramps, it is important to ensure that:
•if there is a kerb ramp on one side of the roadway, there is
also one on the other to prevent pedestrians being ‘stranded’ on the
roadway itself
• there are no low points in the gutter where water can collect .
•if installed at a pedestrian crossing point, the whole kerb ramp is
contained within the crossing markings.
• Every kerb ramp comprises:
- The ramp, which is the area pedestrians cross to change their
grade .
- The top landing, which is where pedestrians move between the ramp
and the footpath .
- The approach, which is the section of footpath next to the top
landing.
- The gutter, which is the drainage trough at the roadway edge.
• Blended kerb crossings
-It is where the footpath and roadway meet at the same level.
This can occur at a number of locations, particularly at pedestrian
platforms.
-The design advice on demarcation and surfacing of pedestrian
platforms should be referred to for all blended crossings.
 “Pedestrian islands”
• Pedestrian islands should be built as kerbed islands (0.15 m to 0.18
m above the road’s surface) and be a different colour from the road.
• Diagonal style
-is favoured for a ‘stand-alone’ pedestrian island because pedestrians
are turned to face oncoming traffic (a 45 angle strikes an appropriate
balance between turning pedestrians and extending their route)
-there are some installation and maintenance benefits.
Chicane style
- design is also useful as it offers space for handrails and can hold
more pedestrians on narrow roads .
-The ‘stagger’ between entry and exit is also helpful in preventing
pedestrians trying to cross the whole road in one movement.
- A fence is desirable on chicane layouts.
 “Medians”
Medians may be flush or raised.
Raised medians
-are similar to pedestrian islands in many respects.
- require cut-throughs (or kerb ramps) at the crossing locations,
which should be consistent with pedestrian islands.
Flush medians
-enable pedestrians to cross the road in many locations.
 “Pedestrian platforms”
• It is raised above the level of the surrounding road.
• Platforms on their own do not affect give-way priority unless they are also
marked as a zebra crossing.
• Their exact design depends on :

- the number of (crossing) pedestrians

- the number of vehicles
-the street function
-the street width
-whether the crossing is controlled or uncontrolled
-landscape/streetscape factors
- the types of vehicles
- vehicle speed
-the roadway surface slope and drainage.
• It is important that pedestrians do not falsely perceive the
platform as a continuation of the footpath.
• This especially applies where there are concentrations of
pedestrians who may lack experience or understanding, such
as children or the elderly.
• Pedestrian platforms can be combined with other types of
pedestrian crossing, as long as the latter are appropriate.
• The overall design must comply with all relevant requirements,
including all signing and roadway marking regulations.
 “Mid-block pedestrian signals”
• Pedestrian signals are usually installed only where there are enough
pedestrians to ensure the signals are activated regularly.
Timings
• Safe operation of signals requires high levels of pedestrian compliance so
the signals should respond promptly to pedestrian demand.
There are two ways of improving signal responsiveness to pedestrians:
- Exclude the mid-block pedestrian signals from the coordinated system
and rely on the system to correct the delays.
- Consider the wider area anddetermine if the system reflects the
road user hierarchy. Shorten the system cycle times accordingly.
*Pedestrians should be able to see the signal heads whenever they are
waiting and crossing .
The heads should be at least 2.1 m above the footpath to ensure they do
not create a hazard.
Detection
• Pedestrians are usually detected when they press a push-button.
• Pressure-sensitive mats or infrared detection are also used – most often to cancel a
phase because the pedestrian has departed.
• Detected pedestrians should have their presence acknowledged so they know the
signals are working and they will receive a crossing signal.
• This may be by:
- An indicator light near the push-button
- an audible sound
- the opposite pedestrian signal head lighting up
Pedestrian push-buttons should be:
-located consistently in relation to the through route and kerb ramps
- located in the median where the total road crossing distance is more than 36 m, or
where the pedestrian phasing requires split crossing phases
- on the right side of the crossing point when facing the roadway at mid-block crossings.
- mounted with its face perpendicular to the direction of the crossing, so the pedestrian is
facing it.
• Crossing design
- kerb ramps on the adjacent footpaths provide access to the
crossing point.
- vision impaired people must be made aware of the crossing
opportunity and be able to use it safely.
•This means:
- installing tactile paving in accordance with Guidelines for
facilities for blind and vision-impaired pedestrians .
- providing audible tactile devices at all new and upgraded
installations.
*When using audible tactile devices, ensure that locations are
treated consistently.
* More details are available in Guidelines for facilities for blind
and vision-impaired pedestrians.
QUIZ!!!!!!!!!!
1. A person traveling on foot,
whether walking or running.

a. Pedestrian
b. Crossing Lane
c. Kerb Lane
d. Pedestrian Platforms
2.It is a critical element in ensuring pedestrians can cross the road safely.

a. Crossing width distance

b. Crossing sight distance
c. Crossing length distance
d. Crossing height distance
3. It is an integral part of every crossing facility,
whether mid-block or at intersections.

a. PEDESTRIAN
b. PEDESTRIAN PLATFORM
c. KERB CROSSING
d. MEDIANS
4. This should be built as kerbed islands (0.15 m to 0.18
m above the road’s surface) and be a different colour
from the road.

a. KERBED CROSSING
b. PEDESTRIAN PLATFORM
c. PEDESTRIAN ISLAND
d. PEDESTRIAN
5. It may be flush or raised.

a. PEDESTRIAN
b. KERBED CROSSING
c. PEDESTRIAN ISLAND
d. MEDIANS
6. It require cut-throughs (or kerb ramps) at the
crossing locations, which should be consistent with
pedestrian islands.

a. Raised medians
b. Flush medians
c. Kerb ramps
d. Blended kerb crossing
7.It enable pedestrians to cross the road in
many locations.

a. Raised medians
b. Flush medians
c. Kerb ramps
d. Blended kerb crossing
8. It is where the footpath and roadway meet
at the same level.

a. Raised medians
b. Flush medians
c. Kerb ramps
d. Blended kerb crossing
9. It is raised above the level of the surrounding road.

a. PEDESTRIAN PLATFORM
b. PEDESTRIAN ISLAND
c. MEDIANS
d. KERBED RAMPS
10. It is usually installed only where there are
enough pedestrians to ensure the signals are
activated regularly.

a. PEDESTRIAN PLATFORM
b. PEDESTRIAN ISLAND
c. TIMINGS
d. PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS
11.Safe operation of signals requires high levels of
pedestrian compliance so the signals should respond
promptly to pedestrian demand.
.

a. PEDESTRIAN PLATFORM
b. PEDESTRIAN ISLAND
c. TIMINGS
d. PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS
12. Pedestrians are usually detected when they
press a push-button.

a. DETECTION
b. DETECTING
c. TIMINGS
d. CROSSING DESIGN
13. Kerb ramps on the adjacent footpaths provide
access to the crossing point.

a. DETECTION
b. DETECTING
c. TIMINGS
d. CROSSING DESIGN
14. The pedestrian heads should be at least
_____above the footpath to ensure they do not
create a hazard.

a.2.5 m
b.2.6 m
c.2.8 m
d.2.1 m
15.This design is also useful as it offers space for
handrails and can hold more pedestrians on narrow
roads .

a. DIAGONAL STYLE
b. CHICANE STYLE
c. HORIZONTAL STYLE
d. PARALLEL STYLE
16.It is favoured for a ‘stand-alone’ pedestrian
island.

a. DIAGONAL STYLE
b. CHICANE STYLE
c. HORIZONTAL STYLE
d. PARALLEL STYLE
17. Pedestrian islands should be :

a. 0.16 m to 0.18 m above the road’s surface

b. 0.20 m to 0.26 m above the road’s surface
c. 0.15 m to 0.18 m above the road’s surface
d. 0.22 m to 0.26 m above the road’s surface
18-20.WRITE A IF THE STATEMENT IS TRUE AND
WRITE B IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE.
18. Drivers are not distracted by maintenance work
or vehicles .

19. Detected pedestrians should have their

presence acknowledged so they know the signals
are working and they will receive a crossing signal.

20. When using audible tactile devices, ensure that

locations are treated consistently.
ANSWER KEYS:
1.A 11.C
2.B 12.A
3.C 13.D
4.C 14.D
5.D 15.B
6.A 16.A
7.B 17.C
8.D 18.A
9.A 19.A
10.D 20.A