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Historical Antecedents Changed The Course OF: in Which Social Considerations Science and Technology

The document discusses the historical antecedents of science and technology and how social considerations have changed their course. It describes how science and technology have interacted with society throughout history. In ancient times, early humans developed stone tools and agricultural practices that led to civilizations. During classical antiquity, Greek philosophers introduced scientific inquiry methods. Advances continued in various ancient societies. In the Middle Ages, knowledge shifted to other regions as Europe struggled with wars and religion, before reviving through new schools and advancements.

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102 views18 pages

Historical Antecedents Changed The Course OF: in Which Social Considerations Science and Technology

The document discusses the historical antecedents of science and technology and how social considerations have changed their course. It describes how science and technology have interacted with society throughout history. In ancient times, early humans developed stone tools and agricultural practices that led to civilizations. During classical antiquity, Greek philosophers introduced scientific inquiry methods. Advances continued in various ancient societies. In the Middle Ages, knowledge shifted to other regions as Europe struggled with wars and religion, before reviving through new schools and advancements.

Uploaded by

AL JAY EDOM
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HISTORICAL

ANTECEDENTS
IN WHICH SOCIAL
CONSIDERATIONS
CHANGED THE COURSE
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Science, Technology and Society
Introduction
ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
The history of science and technology is
long. In this history, science and technology
have a strong interaction with society.

Question! :
1. what is science?
2. What is technology
WHAT IS SCIENCE?
SCIENCE is a body of knowledge that seeks to understand the natural world. In

1 these sense, ‘science’ seeks to understand and explain natural things and
phenomena
SCIENCE is an intellectual activity. It refers to the process of systematic and

2 objective investigation or understanding of the natural world. This process


includes observation, and experimentation.

3
SCIENCE is a personal and social activity. This makes science a way for humans to
understand themselves and their world. It also means that science is connected with
everyone’s life and the society.
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?
1 2 3
TECHNOLOGY as TECHNOLOGY as a TECHNOLOGY as a
artifacts. This refers to technique. This refers to personal and social activity.
technology as products, This makes technology a
technology as practices,
tool for humans to improve
inventions and outputs methods, or steps such
themselves, and their
such as the microscope, as genetic engineering,
everyday life. It also means
solar panel and light bulb. rice planting and welding. that technology is connected
with the society and
everyone’s life.
SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY
Science and technology have a dual interaction. Science is
required in the development of technologies. In the same way,
technology is needed to advance science.

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, and


SOCIETY
Given that both science and technology are social
activities, they also have dual interactions with society
HISTORY OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
ANCIENT WORLD
• Stone Age
• Agricultural Revolution
• Rise of civilization
CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
MIDDLE AGES
Ancient World
No one exactly knows where and when science and technology began.
However, the earliest known technology are the stone tools (i.e.
scrapers, hammers) used by humans during the Stone Age.

Later, hunters, gatherers and foragers developed skills and techniques to


use tools and make weapons, to use fire, and to identify edible plants and
animals. The knowledge and practice spread as they migrate across
continents.

Nearly 10,000 years ago, as the population grew and naturally available
food sources declined, human started to domesticate plants and animals.
This preceded the Agricultural Revolution which started somewhere in the
Middle East.
Agricultural Revolution
Agricultural Revolution led
to the development of
towns. New plants and
animals were being grown
for consumption. In this
period, humans started to
developed sun-dried bricks,
ceramics, mortars and even By the end of the Agricultural
Revolution, many products made
metal products. The first
from copper, bronze and iron have
known metal used by man been developed for transportation.
is copper (6500 BCE). Writing was invented
Rise of Civilization
After the Agricultural Revolution, scientific knowledge and technological
advancements led to the rise of civilizations. These civilizations paved the way for
more advancements in science and technology. Evidences of these are the many
infrastructures built such as irrigation, roads and bridges.
Classical Antiquity
This period was dominated by the
Greek and Roman Civilization. It was
during this period when the current
concept of science began. Specifically,
it started with the IONIAN SCHOOL OF
PHILOSOPHY, which introduced the
earliest form of scientific method,
based on reasoning and observation.
SOCRATES (470 - 399 BC)
Socrates is known for his method of inquiry called elenchus. Using
this method, a problem must be broken down into a series of questions
that need to be answered. This is the basis of the current concept of
hypothesis for a specific research problem.

PLATO (427 - 347 BC)


Plato is a student of Socrates.

Plato believed that all substances are made up of earth, air, water and
fire. He always emphasized the concept of “proof” and insisted in having
concrete and clear hypothesis in understanding nature.

ARISTOTLE (384 - 322 BC)


Aristotle is a student of Plato. He is known for his deductive method of
scientific inquiry. He believed that natural principles can be identified
through careful observation, which is another component of the scientific
method.
in EGYPT
In Egypt, the city of Alexandria
became a center of scientific
knowledge. One of the first important
scientific text from Africa is the Edwin
Smith Papyrus. It is a medical text
about ancient surgery methods. Also,
knowledge on chemistry was applied
in ancient cloth tanning, indigenous
distillation and fermentation.
in CHINA
Meanwhile, in China, scientific knowledge and
technological advancements were also
increasing. Compass, ships, ceramics, and metal
products were developed. The greatest
construction achievement of China at the time
was the Great Wall (220-206 BC).

Four Great Inventions of China


- compass
- Gunpowder
- Printing
- Paper making
Middle
Ages

Around 530 AD, the development of science and technology


declined as it was affected by wars, famine, diseases, piracy,
and poverty which were rampant at the time.
Middle Ages
As science seemed to
The rise of Christianity in
decline in Europe, the
Europe was also considered a
field of medicine
factor in the decline of
remained and grew due
science. The Church
to an important need. The
questioned many teachings
deadly plague ravaged
and ideas of early
Europe and Christians
philosophers and scientists.in
felt the need to further
addition, the roman empire
their knowledge in
from 530 AD to 1000AD
medicine in order to
seemed less interested with develop a cure.
theoretical science.
From europe, the center of science and technology shifted to China
and nearby areas.
In india, mathematics, medicine and astronomy were
well-advanced. One of their greatest discovery is the
importance of zero in mathematics, which prior to that
time is not well-understood.

The science of Islamic civilization was also well-developed


astronomical tables, new chemicals such as borax, and new
techniques.

In medicine, they led the development of new


instruments and humane treatments. However, they
failed to advance further their study of anatomy as
Islam prohibits body autopsy at that time.
Middle Ages
Science was revived in Europe by Emperor
Charlemagne. He ordered the establishments of
schools which became centers of knowledge and
discovery.

The Middle Ages brought many advancements such


as the utilization of water and wind as source of
energy and the development of moving objects and
clocks.
REFERENCE: https://k12.starbooks.ph/pluginfile.php/10349/mod_resource/content/3/index.html

MODERN
AGE...

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