SHS Java 2 Lesson 1

LESSON 1
JAVA 2
Object-Oriented Programming Concepts in Java
› Class
› Object
› Inheritance
› Polymorphism
› Abstraction
› Encapsulation
› Association
› Aggregation
› Composition
Class
› The class is one of the Basic concepts of OOPs which is a
group of similar entities.
› It is only a logical component and not the physical entity.
› Lets understand this one of the OOPs Concepts with
example, if you had a class called “Expensive Cars” it
could have objects like Mercedes, BMW, Toyota, etc. Its
properties(data) can be price or speed of these cars.
While the methods may be performed with these cars are
driving, reverse, braking etc.
Object
› An object can be defined as an instance of a class, and
there can be multiple instances of a class in a program.
An Object is one of the Java OOPs concepts which
contains both the data and the function, which operates
on the data. For example – chair, bike, marker, pen, table,
car, etc.
Inheritance
› Inheritance is one of the Basic Concepts of OOPs in which
one object acquires the properties and behaviors of the
parent object. It’s creating a parent-child relationship
between two classes. It offers robust and natural
mechanism for organizing and structure of any software.
Polymorphism
› Polymorphism refers to one of the OOPs concepts in Java
which is the ability of a variable, object or function to take
on multiple forms. For example, in English, the verb run
has a different meaning if you use it with a laptop, a foot
race, and business. Here, we understand the meaning of
run based on the other words used along with it. The
same also applied to Polymorphism.
Abstraction
› Abstraction is one of the OOP Concepts in Java which is
an act of representing essential features without including
background details. It is a technique of creating a new
data type that is suited for a specific application. Lets
understand this one of the OOPs Concepts with example,
while driving a car, you do not have to be concerned with
its internal working. Here you just need to concern about
parts like steering wheel, Gears, accelerator, etc.
Encapsulation
› Encapsulation is one of the best Java OOPs concepts of
wrapping the data and code. In this OOPs concept, the
variables of a class are always hidden from other classes.
It can only be accessed using the methods of their
current class. For example – in school, a student cannot
exist without a class.
Association
› Association is a relationship between two objects. It is
one of the OOP Concepts in Java which defines the
diversity between objects. In this OOP concept, all
objects have their separate lifecycle, and there is no
owner. For example, many students can associate with
one teacher while one student can also associate with
multiple teachers.
Aggregation
› In this technique, all objects have their separate lifecycle.
However, there is ownership such that child object can’t
belong to another parent object. For example consider
class/objects department and teacher. Here, a single
teacher can’t belong to multiple departments, but even if
we delete the department, the teacher object will never be
destroyed.
Composition
› Composition is a specialized form of Aggregation. It is
also called “death” relationship. Child objects do not
have their lifecycle so when parent object deletes all child
object will also delete automatically. For that, let’s take
an example of House and rooms. Any house can have
several rooms. One room can’t become part of two
different houses. So, if you delete the house room will
also be deleted.
Advantages of OOPs (Object-Oriented
Programming System):
› OOPs Concepts in Java offer easy to understand and a
clear modular structure for programs.
› Objects created for Object-Oriented Programs can be
reused in other programs. Thus it saves significant
development cost.
› Large programs are difficult to write, but if the
development and designing team follow OOPS concepts,
then they can better design with minimum flaws.
› It enhances program modularity because every object
exists independently.
Programming languages can be classified into
3 primary types
› Unstructured Programming Languages: The most primitive
of all programming languages having sequentially flow of
control. Code is repeated through out the program
› Structured Programming Languages: Has non-sequentially
flow of control. Use of functions allows for re-use of
code.
› Object Oriented Programming Languages: Combines Data
& Action Together.
Unstructured Programming Languages
› The earliest of all programming language were unstructured
programming language. A very elementary code of banking
application in unstructured Programming language will have
two variables of one account number and another for
account balance
Unstructured Programming Languages
› Suppose deposit of 100
dollars is made.
› Next you need to display
account balance.
› Now the amount of 50
dollars is withdrawn.
› Again, you need to display
the account balance.
› For any further deposit or
withdrawal operation – you
will code repeat the same
lines again and again.
Structured Programming
› With the arrival of Structured programming repeated lines
on the code were put into structures such as functions or
methods. Whenever needed, a simple call to the function
is made.
Object-Oriented Programming
› In our program, we are dealing with data or performing specific operations on the data.
› In fact, having data and performing certain operation on that data is very basic characteristic
in any software program.
› Experts in Software Programming thought of combining the Data and Operations. Therefore,
the birth of Object Oriented Programming which is commonly called OOPS.
› The same code in Object Oriented Programming languages will have same data and some
action performed on that data.
Object-Oriented Programming
› By combining data and action, we will get many
advantages over structural programming viz,
› Abstraction
› Encapsulation
› Inheritance
› Polymorphism

SHS Java 2 Lesson 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SHS Java 2 Lesson 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SHS Java 2 Lesson 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LESSON 1

You might also like