Biometric

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IIP Online Class

Computer Science

Biometric Device
and
Touch Screen
Delivered by:
Daw Zin Mar Soe
Institute of International Professionalism
Fingerprint
• Fingerprint recognition is widely considered to be
one the oldest and most developed types of
biometric recognition.
• Fingerprints are easy to capture, and can verified by
comparing the unique loops, arches, and whorls in
each pattern.
• After capturing the print, sophisticated algorithms
use the image to produce a unique digital biometric
template.
• The template is then compared to new or existing
scans to either confirm or deny a match.
Facial Recognition
• Facial recognition software measures the geometry
of the face, including the distance between the
eyes, the distance from the chin to the forehead,
and multiple other points on a person’s face.
• After collecting the data, an advanced algorithm
transforms it into an encrypted facial signature.
Voice Recognition
• Physically speaking, the shape of a person’s vocal tract,
including the nose, mouth, and larynx determines the sound
produced.
• Behaviorally, the way a person says something – movement
variations, tone, pace, accent, and so on – is also unique to
each individual.
• The most important properties used for speech
authentication are nasal tone, fundamental frequency,
inflection, cadence.
• Combining data from both physical and behavioral
biometrics creates a precise voiceprint.
Iris Recognition
• In the human eye, the iris is the colored portion in the shape
of a ring. If you look closely, you will find it is made of many
asymmetric thick thread-like structures.
• These thread-like structures are the muscles that help
adjust shape of the pupil and only allow appropriate
amount of light in the eye.
• By measuring the unique folds of these muscles, biometric
authentication tools can confirm identity with incredible
accuracy.
• Liveness detection – like requiring a user to blink for the
scan – adds an additional layer of accuracy and security.
Retina Scan
• Retinal scans capture capillaries deep within the eye by
using unique near-infrared cameras.
• The raw image is first preprocessed to enhance the image
then processed again as a biometric template to use during
both enrollment and verification.
Signature Recognition
• Signature recognition is one type of biometric method used
to analyze the physical activity of signing by measuring
special coordinates such as pen pressure, stroke order,
inclination, and speed.
• A measurements are digitally recorded, then that
information is used to automatically create a biometric
profile for future authentication.
Weakness of Biometrics
• Fingerprint authentication is unsuitable for children as a
child’s fingerprint pattern alters as they grow
• Voice recognition is a fairly reliable technology but it suffers
in noisy environment and fail if the user has a cold or a sore
• Facial recognition is reasonably reliable but can fail if poor
lighting, changes in hairstyle or wearing glasses
• Iris recognition is highly reliable but expensive to implement
and having an uncomfortable experience

Institute of International Professionalism


Touch Screen
• 4 different types of touch screen
 Resistive
 Capacitive
 Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)
 Infrared

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Resistive Touch Screens
• Resistive touchscreens are made with two layers, the
top layer that the user touches is made from
polyester and underneath this layer is a glass layer.​
• When the user touches the top layer (polyester) it will
bend and make contact with the glass layer, this
completes a circuit.
• The position of the touch on the screen is calculated
by a microprocessor based on where the circuit was
completed.

Institute of International Professionalism


Advantages Disadvantages
Resistive screens allow Multi-touch is not
for the use of a stylus possible

It is possible to use Average durability -


whilst wearing gloves Easily scratched

It is a cheaper Poor visibility in bright


technology than other sunlight
touchscreen types

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Capacitive Touchscreens
• Capacitive touchscreens are made with many layers of
glass, these glass layers act like capacitors that create an
electric field between the glass.
• When a person touches the top layer of glass their finger
will change the electric current between the glass layers,
the coordinates of where the current changes is sent to a
microprocessor that uses the information to calculate
where the touch happened.

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Advantages Disadvantages
Medium cost - more than Capacitive touchscreens only
resistive but less than others allow touch to be made with
bare fingers, gloves will not
work as it will affect the
electricity. (Some special
stylus are available)
Multi-touch is possible

Very durable - A lot of force is


required to break the glass

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Surface Acoustic Wave Screens
• SAWs work similarly to Infra red screens, however, instead of
creating a grid of light, it uses a grid of sound waves.
• Two sound wave transducers generate ultrasonic waves and two
receivers are used to receive the sound.
• When the screen is touched, the sound wave is interrupted and
will not reach the receiver. This information is sent to the
microprocessor and used to calculate the coordinates of the touch.

Institute of International Professionalism


Infra-red Touchscreens
• Infra-red touch screens work by creating a grid pattern using LEDs
and photocells (light sensors)
• LED lights shine constantly across the screen and into its
corresponding sensor
• When somebody touches the screen, the light is blocked and
certain sensors will recognize that they no longer detect light.
• A microprocessor will use this information from the sensors to
calculate the coordinates of where the touch was made.

Institute of International Professionalism


Advantages Disadvantages
Multi-touch is possible It is Expensive

Bare fingers and stylus can


be used

Good screen durability

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Quick response (QR) Code
• A QR code is another type of barcode which can be read by
cameras on tablets and smartphones.
• QR codes are becoming increasingly useful on the internet,
however they have been around for a long time.
• There are 3 main advantages of QR codes over traditional bar
codes, these are:
 QR codes can store approximately 100 times more
information than a normal barcode
 QR codes can be scanned in any direction (e.g. it does not
matter if it is upside down
 They can be easily scanned by everybody that has a
smartphone and a QR app

Institute of International Professionalism


Quick response (QR) Code
• QR codes are made up of lots of black and white squares.
Each black or white square is called a module.
• Three larger squares in three of its corners. These squares
tell a QR code reader where the edges of QR code are.
• QR codes are two dimensional; they store data both
horizontally and vertically.
• The barcode can normally store up to 30 numbers, while a
QR code can normally store about 7000.
• QR codes useful for creating links and storing things. For
example: website, video or social networking profile
• Store data such as a message or a telephone number.

Institute of International Professionalism


Advantage of a QR code Disadvantage of a QR code

QR codes are a very efficient QR codes are not yet as


method of storing information common as barcodes. There
and linking to it. may be some people that do
not know what they are for
QR codes can store a variety of If QR codes are used for
information including links to advertising or for distributing
websites, images, videos and information, people need to
messages have the ability to read them,
such as using a smartphone.
Even if some areas of a QR
code are missing or covered
up, the code can often still be
read

Institute of International Professionalism


Thank You !!

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