PERFORMING

COMPUTER
OPERATIONS
 Computers in a Changing World
• Many scientific and technological advances mark the beginning of the twentieth
century. These advances include inventions such as airplane, television, and
most especially the computer. Computers are changing our lives, they are
sweeping away the old ways of doing things with their superb speed and
reliability.
• As many of today’s basic functions are being simplified by technology,
computers have been on the forefront in developing innovations through its
many functions.
• In this digital world, having the knowledge and skills in computer servicing is
the start and most fundamental of all.
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COMPUTER AND ITS TYPES

• A computer is an electronic machine that processes and

stores information. It takes in raw information using input
devices, stores in the memory until it is ready to be processed
in the processing unit and sends out results using output
devices.
• Computers are classified into four (4) different types based on
its processing power and size:
 SUPERCOMPUTER

• is the fastest and most powerful computer in terms of performance

and data processing. It uses its power to run one program at a time.

• Used in:
• • Research and exploration
• • Weather forecasting
• • Nuclear weapon testing
 MAINFRAME COMPUTER

• is not as powerful as the supercomputer. It is designed to

run multiple programs concurrently. It is commonly used in:
• • Banks
• • Educational Institution
• • Insurance companies
 MINICOMPUTER

• also known as “Midrange” computer fill the space between the mainframe and
microcomputer. It is smaller than Supercomputer or Mainframe computer but bigger
and more powerful than the microcomputer. They are generally used as mid-range
servers.
• Some of its uses are as:
• • Data Management device
• • Communications Portal
• • Process Control
 MICROCOMPUTER

• is the most widely used computer – desktop, laptops, tablets,

and smartphones. It is the cheapest among the different
classes of computers. This computer is design for general
usage such as entertainment, education and work purposes.
 THE ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
• A computer system is a collection of entities that are
designed to receive, process, manage, and present
information in a meaningful format. It has 3 elements that will
make a computer really useful.
• Elements of a Computer System
Hardware, Software, Peopleware
 HARDWARE

•refers to the physical, tangible computer

equipment and devices which provides
support for major functions such as input,
process, output and storage.
Components of Computer Hardware

•Input Device
•Output Device
•Process Device
•Storage Device
 INPUT DEVICES
are composed of a device that accepts data and instructions from the user or from
another computer system.
• Keyboard Mouse Scanner Microphone
KEYBOARD

• A computer keyboard is an input device used to

enter characters and functions into the computer
system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the primary
device used to enter text.
MOUSE

• The mouse is another input device used to point and

select objects on the computer monitor. Using the
mouse and keyboard in combination allows the
computer user substantial latitude in how to
accomplish a wide variety of tasks.
SCANNER

•A scanner is use to capture a source

document and converts printed data or
images into an electronic data format that
a computer can store or process as
required.
MICROPHONE

• Microphone is used to input sound that is then

stored in a digital form. It is used for various
applications such as adding sound to a
multimedia presentation or for mixing music
OUTPUT DEVICE

•is any piece of computer hardware that

displays results after the computer has
processed the input data that has been
entered.
• Monitor Printer Speaker Projector
MONITOR

•A monitor is an electronic visual

computer display that includes a
screen, circuitry, and the case in
which that circuitry is enclosed.
PRINTER

•The printer is a device use to print texts and

pictures.
SPEAKER

•A computer speaker is an output

hardware device that produces sound.
PROJECTOR

•A projector is an output device that

projects an image onto a large
surface, such as a white screen or
wall.
 PROCESS DEVICE

•is the computer’s circuitry in the system

unit. It plays an important role in processing
operations. It is used to process data, using
instructions from the program.
MOTHERBOARD / MAINBOARD / SYSTEM
BOARD

•is the main circuit board of a

computer. It contains all the circuits
and components that run the
computer.
CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)

• The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of

a computer system. It performs all of the
instructions and calculations that are needed
and manages the flow of information through a
computer.
RAM – (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY) RAM

•is volatile, meaning it holds data only

when the power is on. When the power is
off, RAM's contents are lost.
VIDEO CARD/GPU (GRAPHICS
PROCESSING UNIT)

• also called a display card, graphics card,

display adapter, or graphics adapter is an
expansion card which generates a feed of
output images to a display device (such as a
computer monitor).
SYSTEM UNIT

• The system unit, also known as a "tower" or

"chassis," is the main part of a desktop
computer. It encloses the motherboard, CPU,
RAM, video card, and other internal
components.
OTHER INTERNAL COMPONENTS OF THE
SYSTEM UNIT

• a. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the

back corner of the PC case, next to the
motherboard. It converts 220/110vac (standard
house power) into DC voltages that are used
by other components in the PC.
• Heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink) - is a
passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat
generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to
a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant, where it
is dissipated away from the device, thereby allowing
regulation of the device's temperature.
• Optical Drive - An optical drive is a storage
device that uses lasers to read data on the
optical media. There are three types of optical
drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc
(DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
STORAGE DEVICE

•stores data and programs. These hold

data, information, and programs
permanently.
 MAGNETIC STORAGE

• Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - also known as hard drive, is

a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the
computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage
for data.
 FLOPPY DISK
• is a removable data storage magnetic medium that
housed in a rigid plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches
square and about 2millimeters thick. Also called a "3.5-
inch diskette," it can store up to 1.44 megabytes (MB) of
data.
 OPTICAL STORAGE

• BD (Blu-ray Disc) – is simply called as Blu-Ray, a digital

optical disc data storage format. It was designed to
supersede the DVD format, and is capable of storing
several hours of video in high definition.
• CD (Compact Disc) - also called optical disc is a
nonmagnetic, polished metal disk used to store
digital information. The disc is read by the CD-
ROM.
• DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) - an optical disc
technology with a 4.7 gigabyte storage capacity on
a single-sided, one-layered disk, which is enough
for a 133-minute movie
 FLASH MEMORY

•Solid State Drive – is a storage medium that

uses non-volatile memory.
• Memory Card – is a solid-state electronic flash
memory data storage device used with digital
cameras, handheld and tablet/mobile computers
and other electronics
• USB flash drive - is a plug-and-play portable storage
device that uses flash memory and is lightweight
enough to attach to a key chain. A USB drive can be
used in place of a floppy disk, Zip drive disk, or CD.
SOFTWARE

• this term refers to the collection of electronic

instructions that tells the computer what to do.
It is a computer program that is installed in
your computer. The diagram below shows the
classification of software.
 KINDS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE

• System Software coordinates the activities and functions

of hardware and software. It controls the operations of
computer hardware and provides an environment or
platform for all the other types of software to work in. It is
the most basic type of software in any computer system,
which is essential for other programs, applications and the
whole computer system to function.
• Operating System – is the program that, after being
initially loaded into computer by a boot program,
manages all the other programs in a computer.
•Utility Programs – are small,
powerful programs with a limited
capability, they are usually operated
by the user to maintain a smooth
running of the computer system.
• Application Software is a computer program
that performs a specific task.
• (Application software examples – MS Office,
OpenOffice, Media Players, MS Access,
educational software, media development
software, Antivirus software, etc.)
•Peopleware – the most important
element of a
computer system is its users. The following
types of people interact with a computer
system:
• System Analysts - are people who design the
operation and processing of the system
• System Programmers – are people who write
codes and programs to implement the working
of the system.
• System Operators – are people who operate
the system and use it for different purposes.
Also called the end users like students,
teachers, and other professionals.
 HOW THE COMPUTER WORKS?
• Data are raw facts about things, events, or activities that
are captured, recorded, and stored on the computer. These
can be in the form of words, numbers, or pictures.
• Data become information when these have been arranged
or organized to be of use and to have meaning to the user.
• INPUT – in this step, data are entered into the
computer through input devices, such as keyboard
and mouse.
• PROCESS – is the computer’s method of analyzing,
managing, or manipulating data. The data entered
into the computer undergo changes. The Central
Processing Unit (CPU) directs the operation of the
input and output devices to create the needed
information.
• OUTPUT – You get the output once the
computer is finished processing the data. It
could be displayed on the monitor, printed on
paper, or heard through speakers.
• STORAGE – The processed data are kept for
future use. We use Hard Disk Drive to store
the information.
 COMMON COMPUTER APPLICATIONS USED
IN PERFORMING COMPUTER RELATED
DUTIES

• Microsoft Office Application – is a package

application developed by Microsoft and is
intended to be used in offices and schools.
• MS Word – A word processing application used for
creating documents such as letters, brochures, activity
programs, and learning activities.
• MS Excel – is a spreadsheet program ideal for
entering, calculating, and analyzing numeric data
such as sales figures, sales taxes, and students’
grades.
• MS PowerPoint – is a presentation tool that
uses graphical approach to presentation in the
form of slides. Its primary function is to help a
presenter deliver its presentation effectively.
• Photo Editing Software – is commonly used
in editing and enhancing photos that would
give you an excellent output.
• Video Editing Software – is used to edit
movies or video clips.
• Web Browsers – is an application used to access
information on the World Wide Web. Web browsers
interpret and display HTML web pages, applications,
JavaScript, and other content hosted on web
servers in the form of text, pictures, audio, and
video.
• Search Engine is a program that enables the
users to search for documents or information
on the World Wide Web.
• How to search information on the World Wide
Web?
• 1. Click a browser that you want to use – Chrome,
Firefox or Edge
• 2. Type the search engine that you want to use in
the web browser’s URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
and press the Enter key.
*To bookmark a page, just click the star icon on the right side of
the browser.
• Use the search tab or the address bar of your
search engine to find information on the web.
• When searching for an information on the web,
the results are categorized – All, Images,
Videos, Maps, News, More,