INTERNSHIP AT

PROPOSED APARTMENT – SANKALP

IMPERIAL HOUSE AT MYSURU.

Presented by : MOHAMMED
AYAN
(intern at SANKALP BUILDERS, SAMRAJ
CONSTRUCTION)
 INTRODUCTION

 NAME OF PROJECT : PROPOSED APARTMENT – SANKALP IMPERIAL

HOUSE.
 PROJECT LOCATION : MYSORE, KARNATAKA.
 SITE AREA : 3100 sqm
 COST OF CONSTRUCTION : 50 CRORE EXCLUDING OF FINISING WORK .
 STATUS OF PROJECT WHILE JOINING : Excavation and column marking at
wing B and wing A second floor, slab shuttering and reinforcement .
 TASK PERFORMED AT SITE

 READING AND INTERPRETING DRAWINGS.

 MARKING CENTER LINE THROUGHT THREAD (LINE DORI)
AND MASON’S SQUARE.
 EXCAVATION OF FOUNDATION.
 MARKING AND LAYING OF PCC (M10)
 FOOTING AND COLUMN RIENFORCEMEMT AND ITS DRAWING.
 PREPARATION OF CHECK LIST.
 FOOTING AND COLUMN SHUTTERING.
 CONCRETING.
 TASK PERFORMED AT SITE

 CONDUCTION OF TEST OF SITE.

 MAINTAINING CUDE REGISTER.
 DE-SHUTTERING AND HACKING WORKS.
 CENTERING AND SHUTTERING WORKS.
 BEAM AND SLAB REINFORCMENT.
 CONCRETING.
 CURING.
 RMC VISIT AND MAINTAINING DRAWING REGISTER.
STUDY AREA DETAILS
OBSERVATIONS MADE WHILE EXCAVATION

 Excavation is the first and major activity of the construction project.

 Excavation is done to required depth such that hard strata are available to bear the
load from structure.
 First and foremost work in excavation is marking and the location of center line of
column and size of footing which is excavated as per the drawing given at the site
as shown in figure.
 Marking was done by using total station or manually by knowing the distance between
the footings using tape.
 Equipment used for excavation was JCB and sometimes if necessary excavation is
done with man power for loose soil by using handy tools .

 Material excavated from the earthwork should not be made to deposit nearer to
the excavation that is, lead at least 1m away from the excavated trench .
 The sides of the excavation may be cut sloping, or shored or stepped to hold the
face of earth as per site requirements
 Chemical is sprayed on surface of excavated ground to prevent the attack of termites as shown in
figure below.

 While carrying the excavation, an engineer’s role is to prepare checklist as per the work carried.

 A typical example of checklist is as shown below.

 If the hard strata is to be found deeper than the specified depth concrete soling should be carried out
under the guidance of senior engineer
 CHECKLIST FOR EXCAVATION

 LAYING OF PCC
 Calculation of required quantity of plain cement concrete to be ordered.

 The first observation while conducting the PCC is to maintain level which is marked through Total
station

 The PCC should be laid as per the excavated profile which acts as bed concrete ,which is also called as
mud mat.
 While laying of PCC the thickness of the bed concrete should be maintained uniformly ,as per
thickness mentioned in drawings.

 After PCC bed has hardened the marking for column footing can be done.

 While carrying, PCC work checklist has to be prepared simultaneously.

CHECK LIST FOR PCC
 PLACING OF REINFORCEMENT FOR
COLUMN FOOTING AND PEDESTAL COLUMN
 The fabricated reinforcement bars shall be placed in position as shown in the drawings.

 The bars crossing each other must be tied together at every intersection with two strands of annealed steel

wire of 0.9 to 1.6 mm thickness twisted tight to make the skeleton of the steelwork rigid so that the
reinforcement does not get displaced during deposition of concrete.

 The main bars in footing should be placed along shorter direction and distribution bars along longer

direction.
 In the case of column construction, precast cover blocks of cement mortar 1:2 about 4x4 cm section and
of thickness equal to the specified cover shall be placed between the bars and shutters, so as to secure
and maintain the requisite cover of concrete over reinforcement.

 In the case of retaining wall raft or footing raft, the vertical distance between the horizontal bars shall be
maintained by introducing chairs or support bars of steel.

 Checking the verticality of column with the help of plumb bob.

 Calculation and inspection of number of bars as per the reinforcement details provided in drawing.

 Also checking lateral ties (4,5,6 legged stirrups) and number of hooks ,rings in a pedestal column as per
drawings. The number of bars in a column and dia of each bar should be checked before placing of
reinforcement.
 The duck leg length should be of minimum of 300mm.

 Proper stagging should be maintained by carrying each length of bar accordingly prepared
initially before formation of column.

 The lateral ties ring should be laid alternately should also be checked by an engineer.

 The lateral ties ring should be bend at 135 degree ,90 degree bend should be rejected.

 Joggle of bar should be strictly avoided to maintain the side cover.

 Shuttering oil should be avoided in contact of reinforcing bars to maintain better bonding between
concrete and steel.
FOOTING AND COLUMN SHUTTERING
 LAYING OF CONCRETE
 TRANSPORTING OF CONCRETE: The concrete was transported to site through transit mixer with an average capacity
of 5-6 m3 .which was ordered at a cost of 4700 per m 3.
 TEST CONDUCTED: Slump cone test and casting of cube
 METHOD OF COMPACTION: The needle vibrator of dia 40 and 60mm .

CONDUCTION OF CUBE TEST ON CONCRETE.
CUBE TEST USING CTM
CHECKLIST
 DE SHUTTERING AND
CURING
BACK FILLING WITH COMPACTION
 PLINTH BEAM
Plinth beam is a beam that rests on the foundation wall. The Plinth
beam carries and transfers the supper structure and external load to the
foundation columns. The plinth beam is the structure which divides the
building into two parts that is superstructure and sub-structure. The
difference of Plinth beam to that of structural beam is that grade beam
does not suspend as structural beam, instead it rests on foundation

masonry wall.

Applications of Plinth Beam

 It is mandatory to provide plinth beam in areas that prone to
earthquake.

 Construction of plinth beam above the natural ground is another

application of this type of beam.
 FLOATING COLUMN
 A Floating column is also called as hanging column or stub column, which
Unlike regular.
 As per the 6th revised edition of is:1893-2016(part1) it is not
Recommended to have floating in high rise buildings
 DEMOLISION OF COLUMN

 Due to over and lack of

compaction
 Improper Clear Cover
 Congested reinforcement
 Size of aggregate
 Segregation
 Poor quality of concrete
 CENTERING AND SHUTTERING FOR
SLABS AND BEAMS
OPERATIONS FOR SETTING OUT CENTERING LEVEL.

 1. Levelling .

 2. Tapping slab centering.

 3. Oiling.
 1. Leveling:

 The most important thing is to check the level of centering many times, the slab is very long, so it must be smooth and
leveled on every part.

 We check the centering of the slab through following method which were adopted.
a) Set the Main level.
 Known as the TBM (Temporary benchmark level) - This level was carried by surveyor.
 Ref. of SSL

b) Marking in the column or rod.

 We got the height below which the actual height of the centering must be decided because, as we know,
the Plywood is placed at the same level.
 c) Taking measurement.

Measure the plywood level to the marking (in the fig) and repeated it with all the columns and rods.

 d) Transferring the exact level to all corner.

Now, with the measuring tape, check the level from every corner and find out that the height from the slab
centring is the same everywhere

2.Tapping Slab centering.

 When plywood is laying in different pieces, tape the joints' opening in the centering.

 a) When concrete is pouring into the slab, water will leak out from the holes.

 b) Water cement ratio plays a significant role in the slab centering checklist as it is important to maintain
the slurry's water cement ratio. So to save the ratio, voids are to be filled with the tapping.
3. Oiling in slab centring:
 BEAM REINFORCEMENT
 The following were the observations made while placing of reinforcement of beams:-
 Before placing of reinforcement the observation of centering and shuttering, whether the
supports are safe to withstand the load of steel and concrete over it should be checked by the
engineer.

 After calculation of BBS of beam the calculated amount of steel should be provided under
the guidance of senior engineer.

 In case of cantilever and overhanging beams the necessary prop should be provided at its
end support.

 All grade of steel in our site was Fe-500 for beams and grade of concrete M-25 only for
Ground floor roof beam drawings.


 Development length for main bars Ld= 50d.

 Providing 20mm upward camber at the beam center for the span of
8m and above.

 In case of concealed beams the depth should be as same as slab

thickness that is 125mm with a 4-12# (cont) @ top and 4-16#
(cont) @ bottom with a 2L stirrups 8# @ 175mm C/C.

 In case of arch shape beams the arch radius should be fixed with a
steel segment which is prepared accordingly with respect to their
beam details(size).

 In case of, where the beam depth is of about 750mm side

reinforcement should be checked properly.

 In case of, sunken slab beam the tower beam size shall be
200x600mm unless specified.
 The ring portion in the lateral stirrups in the beam section should be
placed alternatively.

 The ring portion of the stirrup should be placed in compression zone that
is at the top of beam.

 When beams are downed the proper alignment should be maintained.

 In no case, beam reinforcement should not come in contact with

shuttering oil.

 The spacers should be provided at an interval of 1m C/C of same grade

of steel with a minimum dia of 25mm unless specified.

 Before pouring of concrete the reinforcements laid should be properly

checked by the design structural engineer.
 SLAB REINFORCEMENT
 The following were the observations made while placing of
reinforcement of slabs:-
 Initially SSL was fixed by using total station with the respective levels
provided in the drawings.

 The minimum cover for slab should be 15mm.

 In case of one-way slab the main reinforcement should be placed

along shorter direction and distribution bars along longer directions.

 For all one-way slab the main bar of dia 10mm @ 125mm C/C along
shorter direction, distribution reinforcement of dia 8mm @ 175mm
C/C.

 For all two-way slab the main reinforcement of dia 10mm @ 150mm
 During slab reinforcement, first the bottom bars was placed to their respective spacing..

 All intersection point of bars should be with binding or steel wires.

 The U-bars in sunken slab of dia 8mm @100mm C/C should be placed.

 The crank bars should be bent @45 degree.

 The crank bars should be placed alternatively.

 The chairs should be provided at an interval of 1m 2 .

 CONCRETING FOR BEAMS AND
SLABS.
 TRANSPORTING OF CONCRETE: The concrete was transported to site through transit
mixer with an average capacity of 5-6 m3 of total volume of concrete (that is 117 m3 ) which
was ordered at a cost of 4700 per m3.
 TEST CONDUCTED
Slump cone test

 An example of observation taken at site for Beam.

Initial height of concrete (A) = 300 mm.

Final height of concrete (B) = 200 mm.

Slump value = (A-B) = 300 – 200 = 100 mm.

CASTING OF CUBE
METHOD OF COMPACTION:
The needle vibrator of dia 15 and 25mm dia were used for slab and beam
respectively.
 POURING OF CONCRETE:

The pouring of concrete was lead through pumps and pipes with a horizontal straight and level pipeline for a distance of about 100m at a vertical height up to 9m for first floor roof slab.
 FINISHING OF CONCRETE
Finishing of compacted concrete slabs were done with following operations.
 1.Screeding: The levelling operations that removes humps and hollows and gives a true uniform concrete
surface is called as screeding or removal of excess quantity of concrete is called as screeding. This is done
with a template known as screed.
 2.Floating: The process of removing the irregularities from the surface of concrete lift after screeding is
called floating. The floating is done with the help of wooden float.
 3.Trowelling: The final operation of finishing is called troweling. In most cases the troweling is carried
for plastic concrete with the help of trowel.
METHOD OF CURING:
Curing by ponding
DESHUTTERING OF BEAMS AND SLAB
RCC slab centering removal time :

Slab centering 14 to 24 Days depending upon the slab or beam

span.
Full slab shuttering should be removed after ten days.
For beams centering is removed after14 days. For arch beams more
than 6 meters, the centring removal time should be 21 days.
 CONCLUSION

 During these past eight weeks of internship, I have been able to see the different
theoretical aspects. methodologies. I have been fulfilling our curiosity in
learning practically building construction well in this internship program.
 Generally, the internship program laid sound foundation for me to start my
career.
THANK YOU