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Data Gathering

Here are the graphs constructed based on the given data and conditions: a. Bar graph to show the number of male and female students: [GRAPH] b. Component bar graph to show the number of male and female students per college: [GRAPH] c. Pie graph to show the distribution of the students in terms of college: [GRAPH]

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Jesery Christine De Villa
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51 views25 pages

Data Gathering

Here are the graphs constructed based on the given data and conditions: a. Bar graph to show the number of male and female students: [GRAPH] b. Component bar graph to show the number of male and female students per college: [GRAPH] c. Pie graph to show the distribution of the students in terms of college: [GRAPH]

Uploaded by

Jesery Christine De Villa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA PRESENTATION

Prepared: Ms. Jolina L. Agluba


College of Information and Computing Sciences
Cagayan State University
Carig Campus
INTRODUCTION

Generally, data collected from different sources are


usually unorganized and in a form unsuitable for
immediate interpretation.

In any statistical investigation, once pertinent data


are already gathered, the next step is to present such
data in organized form using appropriate tables and
graphs.
DATA
Data is a collection of information from
facts, statistics, numbers,
characteristics, observations, and
measurements that represent an idea.
There are two forms of data.
Two types of Data
1. Quantitative data deals with the quantity
(for example, the number of whales at Sea
World).
2. Qualitative data is another form of data
that deals with the description
of things. It can be observed but not
measured (such as the color of your eyes.)
Levels of Measurement
1. NOMINAL LEVEL
Observations can be named without particular
order or ranking imposed on the data. Words, letters,
and even numbers are used to classify the data.

Example:
Gender Types of Electrical
Consumption
M- Male 1 - Residential
F- Female 2 - Commercial
3 - Industrial
4 - Government
2. ORDINAL LEVEL
Describes ranking or order. The difference or ratio
between two rankings may not always be the same.

Example:
Competition Placement Level of Satisfaction
1 – Champion 1 – Very Satisfied
2 – 1st Runner-up 2 – Satisfied
3 – 2nd Runner-up 3 – Unsatisfied
4 – 3rd Runner-up 4 – Very Unsatisfied
3. INTERVAL LEVEL
Indicates an actual amount (numerical).
The order and the difference between the variables can be
known. Its limitation is it has no “true zero”.

Example:
Temperature
10 °C
20 °C
40 °C
-15 °C
4. RATIO LEVEL
It has same properties as the interval level. The
order and difference can be described. Additionally, it
has a true zero and the ratio between two points has a
meaning.

Example:
Test Scores
0
20
30
40
Data NOMINAL ORDINAL INTERVAL RATIO
✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Named
✔ ✔ ✔
Meaningful Order x
✔ ✔
Measurable Difference x x
✔
Absolute Zero x x x
Methods of Data Gathering
1. Direct method is data collection through the use of
interviews. The enumerator talks to the subject personally.
He gets the data through a
series of questions asked from the subject of the interview.
2. Indirect Method is data collection through the use of
questionnaires. These questionnaires may be sent through
the postal or electronic mail.
3. Observation is done through observation with the use
of our senses. For example, the MMDA gives report every
week on the number of accidents happening at EDSA. To
do this, an MMDA personnel will just count the number of
accidents through their CCTV.
4. Experimentation is usually done through experiment in
laboratories and classrooms.
5. Registration is acquiring data from private and
government agencies such as from the National Statistics
Office, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Department of
Finance, etc.
METHODS OF DATA ORGANIZATION

1. Textual Method (paragraph form)


 important characteristics of the data are given emphasis

2. Graphical Method (chart)


 visual representation of the frequency distribution

3. Tabular Method (frequency distribution table or FDT)


 shows the groupings of the data into number of classes
(intervals)
TEXTUAL METHOD (PARAGRAPH FORM)
TV Network Votes Percentage

ABS-CBN 2 15 200 30.4


GMA 7 17 000 34.0
TV 5 14 500 29.0
Other Networks 3 300 6.6
TOTAL 50 000 100

Table 1 shows that 34% of the respondents or 17 000 of the 50 000 respondents voted
for GMA 7 as their favorite TV Network. ABS-CBN 2 and TV 5 got 30.4% and 29% of the votes,
respectively. Three thousand three hundred respondents or 6.6% of the votes goes to other
networks.
This implies that GMA 7 is still the number one TV Station in the Philippines.
GRAPHICAL METHOD (CHART)

A good graph is a visual representation of data in


a clear, accurate, and simple manner.

It provides opportunity to perform data


comparisons without misleading the reader; thus,
it does not distort the data.
GRAPHICAL METHOD (CHART)
Pie charts, Bar graphs, and Pareto charts are appropriate to
use for presenting categorical data sets.

Line graphs, Histograms, Frequency polygons, and Ogives are


best for numerical data sets.

For bivariate data sets, contingency tables, side-by-side bar


graphs, and multiple line graphs are used.
PIE GRAPH
It is used to show how all the parts of
something are related to the whole.

It is represented by a circle divided into


slices or sectors of various sizes that show
each part’s relationship to the whole and to
the parts of the circle.
PIE GRAPH
Expenses of RCB Entreprises

Materials and
Supplies
Advertising

Salaries

Rent
BAR GRAPH
It is a graph which uses horizontal or vertical bars to represent
data.

When a bar graph has bars which extend from left to right, it is
called a horizontal bar graph.

If the bars extend from top to bottom, it is called a vertical bar


graph.

A side-by-side bar graph is a special type of bar graph that allows


comparison of two sets of information for each category.
BAR GRAPH
Favorite Drink at Wayne Bar
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Cola Root Beer Lemon Fruit Iced tea
LINE GRAPH
It is used to represent changes in data over a period of
time.

Data are represented by points and are joined by line


segments.

Multiple line graphs are also used to present bivariate


data as an alternative to side-by-side bar graph.
LINE GRAPH
Ticket Sales at Jamal Theater
400
350

Number of Ticket Sold


300
250
200
150
100
50
0
HISTOGRAM
It is consists of a horizontal scale of values of the data being
represented, a vertical scale for frequencies, and bars
representing the frequency for each subdivision of class
values.
18
16
24-34
14
12 35-45
10 46-56
8 57-67
6 68-78
4
79-89
2
0 90-100
Scores
DOT PLOTS
It is consists of a graph in which each data value
is plotted as point or dot along a scale of values.
PICTOGRAPH

It is a graph that uses pictures to illustrate data.


Construct a graph to present the data below following the
given conditions.
COLLEGE MALE FEMALE
CICS 56 123
COEA 44 48
CAS 39 36
CHK 28 25
TOTAL 167 232

a. Bar graph to show the number of male and female students.


b. Component bar graph to show the number of male and female
students per college.
c. Pie graph to show the distribution of the students in terms of
college.

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