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Data Representation

Data in a computer system is represented as binary digits (bits) that are either 0 or 1. Bits are grouped into bytes of 8 bits to represent characters, numbers, and other data. Common coding systems like ASCII and EBCDIC assign numeric codes to each character, translating between the human-readable character and its binary representation. This allows computers to process and store all types of data as sequences of 0s and 1s that can be manipulated through binary arithmetic operations.

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37 views16 pages

Data Representation

Data in a computer system is represented as binary digits (bits) that are either 0 or 1. Bits are grouped into bytes of 8 bits to represent characters, numbers, and other data. Common coding systems like ASCII and EBCDIC assign numeric codes to each character, translating between the human-readable character and its binary representation. This allows computers to process and store all types of data as sequences of 0s and 1s that can be manipulated through binary arithmetic operations.

Uploaded by

shadrackkinsimba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Representation

(in computer system)


DATA VERSUS INFORMATION
 Raw input which when processed or arranged
makes meaningful output.

 Facts and figures that are relatively


meaningless to the user. Data in themselves
are fairly useless.

 Data processed, organized, structured or


presented in a given context so as to make
them useful, => Information.

 Data is the computer's language.

 Information is our translation of this


language.
DATA VERSUS INFORMATION

Name of Student Marks / 30

1 Oilver Hassan 19
2 Quintence Misila 25
3 Felo Kitenge 7
4 Oholiba Kiben 18
5 Prase Peter 13
6 Falcon Kabuu 23
7 Felincet Wanjik 11
8 Paulo Jening 3
9 Joseph Kiman 9
10 Alicia Fefoge 15
11 Crystal Palin 23
12 Morris Ogutuk 2
DATA VERSUS INFORMATION

Name of Student Marks / 30 Name of Student Marks / 30

1 Oilver Hassan 19 1 Quintence Misila 25


2 Quintence Misila 25 2 Falcon Kabuu 23
3 Felo Kitenge 7 3 Crystal Palin 23
4 Oholiba Kiben 18 4 Oilver Hassan 19
5 Prase Peter 13 5 Oholiba Kiben 18
6 Falcon Kabuu 23 6 Alicia Fefoge 15
7 Felincet Wanjik 11 7 Prase Peter 13
8 Paulo Jening 3 8 Felincet Wanjik 11
9 Joseph Kiman 9 9 Joseph Kiman 9
10 Alicia Fefoge 15 10 Felo Kitenge 7
11 Crystal Palin 23 11 Paulo Jening 3
12 Morris Ogutuk 2 12 Morris Ogutuk 2
DATA REPRESENTATION
 Computer data is made up of long sequences of ones and zeros,
called bits, grouped by eight to form bytes.
 In computer’s memory both programs and data are stored in the
binary form.
 The binary system has only two values 0 and 1.
 These are called bits.
 As human beings we all understand decimal system but the
computer can only understand binary system.
 A large number of integrated circuits inside the computer can
be considered as switches, which can be made ON, or OFF.
 If a switch is ON it is considered 1 and if it is OFF it is 0.
 A number of switches in different states will give you a pattern
like : 110101....10. So the computer takes input in the form of 0
and 1 and gives output in the form 0 and 1 only.
Data Representation
How do computers represent data?
 Most computers are digital
• Recognize only two discrete states:
on or off
• Computers are electronic devices
powered by electricity, which has only
two states, on or off

on 1 1 1 1 1

off 0 0 0 0 0
Data Representation
What is the binary system?
 A number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1
• A single digit is called a bit (binary digit)
• A bit is the smallest unit of data the computer can represent
• By itself a bit is not very informative
 The two digits represent the two off and on states
Binary Electronic Electronic
Digit (bit) Charge State
Data Representation
What is a byte?
 Eight bits are grouped together to form a byte
 0s and 1s in each byte are used to represent
individual characters such as letters of the
alphabet, numbers, and punctuation
8-bit byte for the number 3

8-bit byte for the number 5

8-bit byte for the capital letter T


Byte
Data Representation
What are two popular coding systems to
represent data?
 American Standard
Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII)
 Extended Binary
Coded Decimal
Interchange Code
(EBCDIC)
• Sufficient for
English and
Western European
languages
• Unicode often
used for others
Coding Schemes
 ASCII
 Uses one 8 bit byte
 28 = 256 possible combinations or characters
 Virtually all PCs and many larger computers
 EBCDIC
 Uses one 8 bit byte
 28 =256 possible combinations or characters
 Used primarily on IBM-compatible mainframes
 Unicode
 Uses two 8 bit bytes (16 bits)
 216 = 65,536 possible combinations or characters
 Supports characters for all the world’s languages
 Downward-compatible with ASCII
Data Representation
How is a character sent from the keyboard to
the computer?
Step 1:
The user presses the letter T key
on the keyboard
Step 2:
An electronic signal for the letter
T is sent to the system unit
Step 3:
The signal for the letter T is
converted to its ASCII binary
code (01010100) and is stored in
memory for processing
Step 4:
After processing, the binary
code for the letter T is converted
to an image on the output device
Bits as Numbers
 Each switch can be used to store a tiny amount
of information, such as:
 An answer to a yes/no question
 A signal to turn on a light

 Larger chunks of information are stored by


grouping bits as units
 8 bits (byte) = 256 different messages
Number Systems

 ALU does calculations with binary numbers


 Decimal number system
 Uses 10 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
 In decimal system, a number 84, e.g., means
83= (8x10) + 3
 4728 = (4x1000)+(7x100)+(2x10)+8
 Base or radix of 10: each digit in the number is
multiplied by 10 raised to a power corresponding to
that digit’s position
 E.g. 83 = (8x101)+ (3x100)
 4728 = (4x103)+(7x102)+(2x101)+(8x100)
15
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