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Practical Research 2 Chapter IV and V

This document discusses different ways of presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data in research. It covers various statistical methodologies like descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, percentage frequency distribution, t-tests, Pearson correlation, and analysis of variance. It also outlines the basic quantitative data analysis procedure and includes a review questions section.

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Cärl Jhelöü Fernandez
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48 views25 pages

Practical Research 2 Chapter IV and V

This document discusses different ways of presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data in research. It covers various statistical methodologies like descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, percentage frequency distribution, t-tests, Pearson correlation, and analysis of variance. It also outlines the basic quantitative data analysis procedure and includes a review questions section.

Uploaded by

Cärl Jhelöü Fernandez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS
AND INTERPRETATION
OF DATA
by
Gerwin U. Soriano
WAYS OF PRESENTING DATA

 Tabular (tables)
 Graphical (figures)
 Textual (words or paragraphs)
Note: If the p-value is lower than the set alpha level of (0.05) level of significance the Null
Hypotheses states that “there is no significant difference” is “ACCEPTED”.
If the p-value is higher than the set alpha level of (0.05) level of significance the Null
Hypotheses states that “there is no significant difference” is “REJECTED”.
Steps in Quantitative Data Analysis
1. Coding system
2. Analyzing the Data
Statistical Methodologies

1. Descriptive Statistics- Descriptive statistics are a brief descriptive


coefficient that summarizes a given data set, which can be either a
representation of the entire population or a sample of it. Measures of
central tendency include the mean, median and mode, while
measures of variability include the standard deviation or variance,
and the minimum and maximum variables.
2. Inferential Statistics - Inferential statistics makes inferences about
populations using data drawn from the population.
Basic Quantitative Data Analysis Procedure
1. Percentage Frequency Distribution. A percentage frequency distribution is a display
of data that specifies the percentage of observations that exist for each data point or
grouping of data points.
2. T-test. If you are trying to test the significant difference between the means of two
groups, T-test is use in this kind of data analysis and the researcher specify the level of
probability (alpha level, level of significance, p) we are willing to accept before we
collect data (p < .05 is a common value that is used). The p-value represent in
statistical analysis shows the probability of obtaining the observed data under the null
hypothesis
3. Pearson Correlation. Pearson correlation is also known as the “Product moment
correlation coefficient” or simply “correlation”. If the researcher wants to inspect or to
check the relationship of the two variables.
4. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). ANOVA is a set of statistical methods used mainly
to compare the means of two or more samples.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION

This section of a research explains things that will lead you


to significant points, insights, or understanding, or
conclusions that derive their validity, credibility or
acceptability from the factual evidence gathered during the
data-collection stage BASED UPON THE FINDINGS.
RECOMMENDATION

It will expand or extend one’s understanding of the


conclusions raised, such as suggesting a solution to
the problem. It should include suggestions for
further research based on the findings. Sometimes
recommendation is optional.
REVIEW

1. What is referred to as consistency of the research


instrument?
A. Content C. Questionnaire
B. Reliability D. Validity
REVIEW
2. Which design involves selecting groups, upon
which a variable is tested without any random pre-
selection process?
A. Correlation C. Quasi- Experimental
B. Descriptive D. True Experimental
REVIEW

3. Which refers to the planned actions or strategies


implemented to address a specific issue or problem
in research?
A. Intervention C. Treatment
B. Social responsibility D. Work ethics
REVIEW
4. Which sampling technique is appropriate when
the group comprising the sample is chosen in a way
that such group is liable to subdivision during the
data analysis stage?
A. Quota sampling
B. Simple Random Sampling
C. Systematic sampling
D. Stratified Random Sampling
REVIEW

5. What data collection procedure is considered as an


analysis of documents belonging to an organization?
A. Questionnaire C. Interview
B. Survey D. Documentary Research
REVIEW

6. Which statistical test is appropriate when


comparing means of two independent groups?
A. Chi-square test C. ANOVA
B. T-test D. Correlation
REVIEW
7. What is the first preparatory sub step in
preparing the data?
A. Analysis of Percent Distribution
B. Coding System
C. Data Tabulation
D. Mean
REVIEW
8. What data collection procedure where a group or
single participants are manipulated by the
researcher, for example, asked to perform a specific
task or action?
A. Interview C. Questionnaire
B. Observation D. Survey
REVIEW

9. Which is NOT a type of interview?


A. Focused-Group Discussion
B. Semi-structured interview
C. Structured interview
D. Transaction logs
REVIEW
10. The process of collecting data through experimentation
involves selection of subjects, pre-testing, the subjects prior
to the application of any treatment or condition, and giving
the subjects post-test to determine the effects of the
treatment on them. Which combination or mixture of
components does the research study adopt?
A. Pre-test, post-test then multiple treatments
B. Post-test, treatment then pre-test
C. Pre-test, treatment then post-test
D. treatment, pretest then post-test
REVIEW
11. Which of the following is NOT a common
element found in a conclusion section?
A. Restating the research objectives
B. Summarizing the main findings
C. Discussing the implications of the results
D. Introducing new research questions
REVIEW
12. Which is TRUE about data presentation?
A. Data presentation is not important in research.
B. Data presentation helps researchers effectively
communicate their findings.
C. Data presentation is only necessary for qualitative
research.
D. Data presentation is only relevant for the final
research report
REVIEW

13. Which part represents the research findings that


are expressed through graphics, statistics, or
words?
A. Conclusions C. Introduction
B. Methodology D. Results or Findings
REVIEW

14. What is the purpose of a research design?


A. To collect and analyze data
B. To develop research questions
C. To determine the sample size
D. To plan and structure a research study
REVIEW
15. What is considered as a brief descriptive
coefficient that summarize a given data set, which
can be either a representation of the entire
population or a sample of it?
A. Descriptive Statistics
B. Inferential Statistics
C. Multivariate Analysis
D. Univariate Analysis

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