Course Code BCO321

Course Title Web Technology

Credits 3
Contact Hours (L-T-P) 3-0-0
 Course Outcomes
• CO1: Analyze a web page and identify its elements
and attributes.
• CO2: Apply the languages HTML and CSS to
develop web page.
• CO3: Apply HTML and CSS to design web pages.
• CO4: Demonstrate the concepts of PHP.
• CO5: Understand the working of MYSQL
• CO6: Design webpages using different web
technologies to real world.
 Unit 1
Introduction to web

• Introduction to Web: History of Internet,

WWW, Client or Browser, website, internet
browsers,
• HTTP Protocol: Basic features of HTTP,
Working of HTTP, Request and Response, Web
browser and Web servers, Features of Web 2.0
• Web Design: Web site design principles,
Concepts of effective web design, Web design
issues, planning the site and navigation.
 Unit 2
HTML & STYLE SHEETS

• HTML: HTML: History of HTML (Hypertext Mark-up

Language), Structure of HTML Document: Text
Basics, Structure of HTML Document: Images and
Multimedia, Links and webs, Document Layout,
Creating Forms, Frames and Tables.
• Style sheets: Need for CSS, introduction, basic syntax
and structure, using CSS, background images,
• Colors and properties, manipulating texts, using
fonts, borders and boxes, margins, padding lists,
positioning using CSS, CSS2
 Unit 3
Java Script & DHTML

• Java script: Client-side scripting, what is Java script,

how to develop Javascript, simple Java script,
variables, functions, conditions, loops and
repetition
• Advance script, Javascript and objects, the DOM
and web browser environments, forms and
validations
• DHTML: Combining HTML, CSS and Javascript,
events and buttons, controlling the browser, Events
and buttons
 Unit 4 PHP

• Introduction and basic syntax of PHP, decision

and looping with examples
• PHP and HTML, Arrays, Functions, Form
processing,
• Advance Features: Cookies and Sessions,
Object Oriented Programming with PHP
 Unit 5 PHP and MySQL
• PHP and My SQL : PHP my admin, Basic
commands with PHP examples, Connection to
server,
• Creating database, selecting a database, listing
database
• listing table names, creating a table, inserting
data, altering tables, queries, deleting
database, deleting data and tables
 The Internet
• Internet is a network of interconnected
computers that is now global
• Internet born in 1969 - called ARPANET
• 1969 ARPANET was connection of computers
at UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, Univ. of Utah
 Internet - 1970s

• 1972 - Telnet developed as a way to connect to

remote computer
• 1972 – Email introduced
– 1977 - U. Wisconsin has first “large” Email system -
100 users
• 1973 - ARPANET goes international
• 1973 - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) established
 Internet 1990s

• 1991 - Tim Berners-Lee releases World Wide Web!

– TBL is computer programmer at CERN, a physics lab in
Europe (new book Weaving the Web by TBL)
• 1993 - Mosaic (becomes Netscape) designed by
graduate students at University of Illinois
– first point-and-click browser
– later developed into Netscape Navigator
• These are the two most significant events in the formation of the WWW
 What is the WWW?
• A distributed document delivery system
• The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging
information between computers on the
Internet.
• The World Wide Web is the network of pages
of images, texts and sounds on the Internet
which can be viewed using browser software .
• It is also called “WWW”, "Web" or "W3".
 Cont…
• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a
worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a
means for users to interact
 How to access the Internet?
• To access the Internet, an existing network need to
pay a small registration fee and agree to certain
standards based on the TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) reference
model.
• Each organization pays for its own networks and
its own telephone bills, but those costs usually
exist independent of the internet.
• The regional Internet companies route and
forward all traffic, and the cost is still only that of a
local telephone call.
 Internet Service Provider (ISP)

• A commercial organization with permanent

connection to the Internet that sells
temporary connections to subscribers.
• Examples:
• Prodigy, America Online, Microsoft
network, AT&T Networks.
 How to access the Web?

• Once you have your Internet connection, then

you need special software called a browser to
access the Web.
• Web browsers are used to connect you to
remote computers, open and transfer files,
display text and images.
• Web browsers are specialized programs.
• Examples of Web browser: Netscape Navigator
(Navigator) and Internet Explorer.
 Client/Server Structure of the Web

• Web is a collection of files that reside on computers,

called Web servers, that are located all over the
world and are connected to each other through the
Internet.
• When you use your Internet connection to become
part of the Web, your computer becomes a Web
client in a worldwide client/server network.
• A Web browser is the software that you run on your
computer to make it work as a web client.
 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• The public files on the web servers are ordinary
text files, much like the files used by word-
processing software.
• To allow Web browser software to read them,
the text must be formatted according to a
generally accepted standard.
• The standard used on the web is Hypertext
markup language (HTML).
 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

• HTML uses codes, or tags, to tell the Web browser

software how to display the text contained in the
document.
• For example, a Web browser reading the following line of
text:
<B> A Review of the Book<I>Wind Instruments of
the 18th Century</I></B>
• Recognizes the <B> and </B> tags as instructions to
display the entire line of text in bold and the <I> and </I>
tags as instructions to display the text enclosed by those
tags in italics.
 First Page
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a Heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>
 Addresses on the Web:IP Addressing
• Each computer on the internet does have a
unique identification number, called an IP
(Internet Protocol) address.
• The IP addressing system currently in use on
the Internet uses a four-part number.
• Each part of the address is a number ranging
from 0 to 255, and each part is separated from
the previous part by period,
• For example, 106.29.242.17
 IP Addressing
• The combination of the four IP address parts
provides 4.2 billion possible addresses (256 x
256 x 256 x 256).
• This number seemed adequate until 1998.
• Members of various Internet task forces are
working to develop an alternate addressing
system that will accommodate the projected
growth.
• However, all of their working solutions require
extensive hardware and software changes
throughout the Internet.
 Domain Name Addressing
• Most web browsers do not use the IP address t locate
Web sites and individual pages.
• They use domain name addressing.
• A domain name is a unique name associated with a
specific IP address by a program that runs on an
Internet host computer.
• This program, which coordinates the IP addresses and
domain names for all computers attached to it, is
called DNS (Domain Name System ) software.
• The host computer that runs this software is called a
domain name server.
 Domain Name Addressing

• Domain names can include any number of parts separated by

periods, however most domain names currently in use have
only three or four parts.
• Domain names follow hierarchical model that you can follow
from top to bottom if you read the name from the right to the
left.
• For example, the domain name gsb.uchicago.edu is the
computer connected to the Internet at the Graduate School of
Business (gsb), which is an academic unit of the University of
Chicago (uchicago), which is an educational institution (edu).
• No other computer on the Internet has the same domain name.
 Uniform Resource Locators
• The IP address and the domain name each identify a particular
computer on the Internet.
• However, they do not indicate where a Web page’s HTML
document resides on that computer.
• To identify a Web pages exact location, Web browsers rely on
Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
• URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web
browser:
 What transfer protocol to use for transporting the file
 The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
 The pathname of the folder or directory on the computer on
which the file resides
 The name of the file
 Universal Resource Locator

http://www.ietlucknow.ac.in/~urquhar5/tour/active.html

http:// /~urquhar5/tour/
identifies type
of transfer active.html
File Location on Remote Computer

www.ietlucknow.ac.in
Domain Name -
name of remote computer
 Protocol
• A protocol is the set of rules used to describe
all of the hardware and (mostly) software
operations used to send messages from
Processor A to Processor B

• A protocol describes the syntax, semantics and

timing of communication between two
devices
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP)

This protocol ensures the delivery of information

packets across network.
 INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) This important
protocol is responsible for providing logical
addressing called IP address to route
information between networks.
HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP)

HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP) This

protocol is used to access, send and receive
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files on the
Internet.
SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL (SMTP)

SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL (SMTP)

protocol is used for transferring email between
computers.
 FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)
FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP) is responsible
for allowing file to be copied between devices.
 Web Projects
Writing web projects:-
• Write a project mission statement
• Identify objective
• Identify your target users
• Determine the scope
• Budget
• Planning Issues
 Web Site Design
1. Analyze
• Info / content
• Target Audience
2. Organize
• Navigation
• Content
• Page layout
• Page design
3. Develop
• Web page layout
• Site layout
• Web page construction
• Graphics techniques
4. Implement
• User Interaction
• Final Checklist
• FTP
5. Maintain
• Marketing
• Optimization
• Traffic analysis
 Types of Web Pages
• Any web site composed from a set of web
pages:
• Some of those pages are static (abstract)
pages while other pages are dynamics
(proactive) pages.
Websites
www.ietlucknow.ac.in

Webpage Webpage
www.ietlucknow.a
c.in/login.asp www.ietlucknow.ac.in/news.html
 Web Development Languages & Tools
• HTML/DHTML/XHTML
• Java
• Web Design Tools e.g. Front-page,
Dreamweaver
• Scripting Languages e.g. VBScript,
Javascript,PHP
• Cascading Style Sheets
• XML
HTML Versions