BCT Lecture-4

Building Construction
Technology
Lecture # 4
What is a
bond?
Bond
The arrangement of bricks or stones in each layer
so as to avoid continuity of vertical joints in any
adjacent course both on the face and inside of a
masonry structure is called bond.
This is done by overlapping bricks or stones in the

successive courses longitudinally as well as
transversely.
Necessity Of Providing Bond
A bond is provided to achieve the following
objects:
1.The primary object of providing a bond is to

break the vertical continuity of the joints in the
successive courses both in the length and
thickness of a masonry structure.
2.To ensure the longitudinal and lateral strength
of the structure.
3.To enable the structure to act as a
bounded mass and to distribute the load
uniformly to its foundation.
4.To provide pleasing appearance by
placing bricks or stones symmetrically.
5.To do masonry work quickly by engaging
more masons on the job at a time.
Bonding in Brickwork
The process of arranging bricks in different courses in
order to tie them together in unified mass of brickwork is
called bonding in brickwork.
Bonding in brickwork is done to ensure that vertical joints
do not come over one another because a brickwork
having continuous vertical joints will not act as a unified
mass but will consist of small portions which act as
columns. In such a construction, the load on wall shall
not be uniform distributed but there are chances of
settlement of the load .
However, if a wall is properly bounded so that there are no
continuous vertical joints the load will get distributed.
Thus, the purpose of bonding in brickwork is to develop
longitudinal and transverse interlocking for individual
bricks so as to achieve a unified mass of the structure.
RULES FOR GOOD BRICK BONDING
• The bricks should be uniform in size and the

proportion of length to breadth be such that the length
becomes twice the width .
• The minimum amount by which the bricks in one
course overlaps the bricks in the course below should
be 2 ¼ in. Along the length of the wall and 4 ½ in.
Across the thickness of the wall.
• Bats are used as little as possible.
• The vertical joints in every other course should be
vertically over one another.
Correct Bonding Incorrect Bonding
Types Of Bonds In Brickwork and Their Suitability
The following are the different types of bonds used

in brickwork:
1.English Bond: The bond having headers and
stretchers laid in alternate courses is called
English bond.
In this bond, a queen closer is placed after every
quoin header in the header course to break the
continuity of vertical Joints.
This bond is considered as the strongest bond and does not
require any special alternation in its formation.
Salient Features of English Bond Are Given Below:
i. Headers and stretchers are laid in alternate courses.
ii. A queen closer is placed after every quoin header in the
heading course when the thickness of wall is 9” or above.
iii. Continuous vertical joints do not occur on the face as well
as on inside of the structure.
iv. Each alternate header in the heading course lies centrally
over every stretcher of the underlying stretching course.
Suitability: English bond is commonly adopted for
brickwork of buildings where strength is of prime
importance.
DISADVANTAGE:
• Penetration of damp through transverse joints.
• Appearance not as good as Flemish bond.
Flemish bond
The bond having headers and stretchers laid
alternately in the same course is called flemish
bond. In this bond a queen closer is provided
after every quoin header n the alternate courses
to break the continuity of vertical joints. Brick
bats are to be used for forming this bond when
the thickness of wall is equal to an odd mutiple
of half brick.
Salient Features of Flemish Bond:
I. Header and stretcher are laid aternately in the
same coruse.
II. Queen closer is placed after every quoin header
in the alternate course when the thickness of
the wall is 9” or above.
III. Every header in each course lies centrally over
each stretcher of he underlying course.
Flemish Bond is of two types:
1. Double Flemish Bond
2. Single Flemish Bond
Duoble Flemish Bond: The bond having header and
stretchers laid alternatively in each course both in
the face and back of the structure is called double
flemish bond. This type of bond provides good
appearance but it is weaker in strength than english
bond for walls having thickness more than 9”.
Suitability: It is used in buildings where appearance is
of prime importance.
Comparison Between English Bond and
Flemish Bond
English Bond Flemish Bond
1. Construction:
This bond consists of This bond consists of
headers and stretchers headers and stretchers
laid in alternate courses. laid alternatively in each
courses.
2. Strength
It is the strongest of all the It is less strong.
bonds.
Flemish Bond
3. Appearance
It provides rough It provides good
appearance especially for appearance for all
one brick thick walls. thickness of walls.
4.Continuity of Vertical
Joints
There are no continuous
vertical joints in the There are partly continuous
structure built in this vertical joints in the
bond. structure built in this
bond.
Flemish Bond
5. Care in providing the
Bond
Special Care is not Special Care is required in
required in providing providing this bond.
this bond.
6. Progress Of Work: Progress of work is less.
Progress of work is more.
7. Cost It is economical because
It is costly because use of brick bats are to be used
brick bats is not allowed. for forming this bond.
HEADING OR HEADER BOND
• Heading or Header Bond is laid on headers.
• Header bond is often used on curving walls with a small radius
• Should never be used in straight work, as it is very weak
STRETCHING OR STRETCHER BOND
• Bricks are laid in stretchers, as in the figure below.

• Used in walls of half-brick in thickness.
• Due to its constant occurrence in the last position it is also
called Chimney Bond.
Factors Affecting The Thickness Of
Walls In Brick Masonry:
• The most important factors affecting the
thickness of a wall in brick masonry are:
1. The Total load to be carried by the wall
2. Overall Height of the Wall
3. Height between floors
4. Strength of materials-Strength of brick and
mortar
THANKS

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Building Construction

This is done by overlapping bricks or stones in the

1.The primary object of providing a bond is to

• The bricks should be uniform in size and the

The following are the different types of bonds used

• Bricks are laid in stretchers, as in the figure below.

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