Prisca Lugata 140637471078

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DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS


ENGINEERING
BACHELOR DEGREE PROGRAM
NTA LEVEL 8

PROJECT TITLE: FISH POND AUTOMATIC FEEDING MACHINE


PROJECT TYPE: PROBLEM SOLVING
CANDIDATE NAME: PRISCA LUGATA
CANDIDATE NUMBER: 140637471078
INTRODUCTION

• Fish ponds is a controlled pond, artificial lake, or reservoir


that is stocked with fish and is used in aquaculture for fish
farming.
• Survival of fish is majorly depending on the environments
it lives.
• Food is a major requirement for every organism therefore,
it is necessary to feed the fish at a required interval.
PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Changing of fish pond water and feeding the fish has been a
tedious exercise.
• Therefore, there is a need for an automated system to
perform all the works without the farmer being physically
present.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
• To design an automatic fish pond feeding machine.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
• To establish the design specification.
• To design a sensing unit for water quality and level check-ups.
• To establish the communication to send information about the food
status.
• To design fish food dispensing .
• To program the control unit to give the desired output of the system.
• To integrate the entire system and prototype testing.
METHODOLOGY
• Performing literature review
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• System design
• Simulation
• Prototype building and Testing
• Project report writing
Literature review
• This part review about current methods used by fish farmers on how
to feed the fish according to the fish requirements.
• The current methods used by fish farmers to feed fish is broadcasting
fish food in the pond using either hands for small fish ponds and
buckets for lager fish ponds.
Literature review cont…
Disadvantage of the existing system
• Farmers have to employ other farmer or any person available to
provide feed when the farmer has an emergency or has to travel.
Therefore making this method costly.
Block diagram of the proposed system
Preliminary data
• Interview responses
FISH POND AT VIKINDU,
FISH POND AT DIT
PWANI
Feeding method used Broadcasting method Broadcasting method
Feeding frequency Once per day Twice per day
Type of fish farmed Tilapia Tilapia and African catfish
Number of employees None None
Gives instruction to anyone
In case of emergence absence Finds someone to feed
around
Number of ponds One Three
Size of ponds (1x1.2) m (1.2x3.7) m
Number of fish in pond >100 150, 200, 260
Amount of feed given One hand full 405 g, 2700 g, 533.5 g
Technical data
• Methods of farming Nile tilapia used in aquaculture
S/N CULTURE SYSTEM FEEDING FREQUENCY SIZE OF FISH

1 Non-commercial or Once per week Fingerlings


extensive culture
Once per week Growouts and Adults

2 Semi-intensive culture 2-5 times per day Fingerlings


2 times per day Growouts and Adults

3 Intensive culture >5 times per day Fingerlings


5-10 times per day Growouts and Adults
Technical data
• Size of feed used in tilapia farming

SIZE OF FISH TYPE OF FEED SIZE OF FEED

Fingerlings Mash Powdered

Pellets (1-3) mm

Growouts Pellets (5-9) mm

Adults Pellets 9 mm
Different kinds of feed pellets
Technical data cont..
Factors that determine the amount of feed for a given number of tilapia
in pond
• Weight of sampled fish in grams.
• Number of fish in pond.
• Survival rate. The survival rate is 90%.
• Feeding rate.
• Feeding frequency.
Technical data cont…
• PH level favourable for Nile Tilapia survival and fast growth
Fish growth Death Slow growth Fast growth Slow growth Death
pH value 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
pH sensor requirement
• Has high-temperature sensitivity
• Has the capability to read the pH value range from 0 to 14 pH
• Low cost with high quality
• Easy available in the market
• Tolerate to other environmental changes
• Accuracy: ±0.2pH units
Technical data cont…
• Temperature favourable for Nile Tilapia survival

Fish growth Death Slow growth Fast growth Death


Temperature value <12 12-24 25-35 >35
in degree Celsius

Temperature sensor requirements


• Water proof
• Can read temperature from 10°C to 45°C
• Stable
• Accuracy in °C about 0.5
• High stability
• Fast response
Technical data cont…
• Parameters used in accomplishment of the design

DEVICES CAPACITY LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT DIAMETER

Fish pond 3 fish-10 fish 35cm- 90 cm 30cm-45 cm 35cm-40 cm -

Feed 1 kg- 3 kg - - 30cm-40 cm 15cm-20cm


container
Technical data cont…
• Amount of feed per feeding frequency of Nile Tilapia
Size of Number of fish Amount of feed in grams Feeding frequency
fish per feeding frequency

Fingerling 3 - 10 1.08 - 3.6 4

Adult 3 - 10 40.5 - 135 2


Data analysis
Water pH sensor
pH Sensor Accuracy Working Temperature Measurement Response time
in degree centigrade Range
pH BTA agree Agree agree disagree
SKU: agree Agree agree agree
SEN0169

The selected pH sensor is SKU:SEN0169 it meets the requirements


Data analysis cont…
Water temperature sensor
SENSOR Thermocouple RTD Thermistor LM35 DS18B20
RANGE(°C) Disagree Disagree Disagree Agree Agree
ACCURACY(°C) disagree Agree Agree Agree Agree

RESPONSE Agree Disagree Disagree Agree Agree

COST Agree Disagree Agree Agree Agree

STABILITY Disagree Agree Disagree Agree Agree


WATER PROOF Disagree Disagree Disagree Agree Agree

DS1820 is selected because it meets all the requirements of the


temperature.
The relationship of the output temperature to the temperature value is
given as Vout = 10mV/degree × temperature value
Data analysis cont…
Water level sensors
The chosen water level sensor is ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 with a
range of up to 4m.
The level is determined by the following equation
Level =
Where the velocity of light is 340m/s
Level = 170m/s × elapsed time
Data analysis cont…
Food level sensor
The food level sensor used is laser diode as transmitter and LDR as a
receiver
Laser diode
Ic ≈ 100mA, β = 110
Ib = = = 0.91mA = 910µA
RL= = = 4.7KΩ

Laser diode circuit


Data analysis cpnt…
LDR side
When there is no light
Vb = × Vcc = × 5 = 0.0495V
When there is light
Vb = × 5 = 4.99V

LDR circuit
Data analysis cont…
• Keypad
Design Requirements KEYPAD
4X4 4X3 4X2 4X1 5X1
MATRIX MATRIX MATRIX MATRIX MATRIX
Include digits from 0 to 9 Agree Agree Disagree Disagree Disagree
Maximum rating voltage Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree
12V
Operating temperature Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree
Cost Moderate Cheap Cheap Cheap Cheap

4x3 matrix meets the design requirements


Data analysis cont…
• Control unit
REQUIREMENTS PIC 18F452 PIC 16F887 AT mega 328p PIC 16F84

Program memory(KB) Agree Disagree Agree Disagree

I/O pins Agree Agree Agree Disagree

Built in ADC Present Present Present ABSENT

Speed (MHz) Agree Agree Agree Disagree

Oscillator circuit built in Agree Agree Agree Disagree

Cost (Tsh) 15,000 17,000 10,000 20,000

Atmega 328p meets the requirements


Data analysis cont…
• microcontroller interface with external oscillator
U1
2 14
PD0/RXD/PCINT16 PB0/ICP1/CLKO/PCINT0
3 15
PD1/TXD/PCINT17 PB1/OC1A/PCINT1
4 16
PD2/INT0/PCINT18 PB2/SS/OC1B/PCINT2
5 17
PD3/INT1/OC2B/PCINT19 PB3/MOSI/OC2A/PCINT3 C3
6 18
PD4/T0/XCK/PCINT20 PB4/MISO/PCINT4
11 19
PD5/T1/OC0B/PCINT21 PB5/SCK/PCINT5
12 9
PD6/AIN0/OC0A/PCINT22 PB6/TOSC1/XTAL1/PCINT6

1
13 10 22p
PD7/AIN1/PCINT23 PB7/TOSC2/XTAL2/PCINT7
X2
21 23 CRYSTAL
AREF PC0/ADC0/PCINT8
20 24
AVCC PC1/ADC1/PCINT9 C4

2
25
PC2/ADC2/PCINT10
26
PC3/ADC3/PCINT11
27
PC4/ADC4/SDA/PCINT12
28 22p
PC5/ADC5/SCL/PCINT13
1
PC6/RESET/PCINT14
ATMEGA328P
+5 V

R7
Data analysis cont…
• Software design
Flow chart
Data analysis cont…
Display unit
Requirements for designing 16 x2 display 16 x 4 display 20 x 4 display

Minimum characters line 20 Disagree Disagree Agree

Minimum number of lines 4 Disagree Agree Agree

Viewing area 64 x 32 (mm) Disagree Agree Agree

Minimum viewing distance 6 ft Disagree Disagree Agree

20 x 4 display was chosen because it meets the design requirements


Data analysis cont…
Communication unit
PARAMETERS GSM/GPRS Waveform GSM/GPRS SIM900A Module SIM900
MODULE MODEM Q2403
DATA Disagree Disagree Agree Agree
TRANSMISSION
(Baud rate)
OPERATING Agree Disagree Agree Agree
VOLTAGE
OPERATING Agree Agree Agree Agree
FREQUENCY
MESSAGE YES YES YES YES
SERVICE

• The selected GSM module is SIM900 module since it meets all the
required characteristics
Data analysis cont…
Motor
The motor used is servo motor because of its accurate rotation within a limited
angle.
Servomotors are controlled by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) hence the precision
of angle movement is determined by using pulse width
Torque of motor
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒=𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒×𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒=𝑚𝑔
𝑔=9.8𝑚/𝑠2, m=5kg
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒=5𝑘𝑔×9.8𝑚/𝑠2
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒=49.05𝑁
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒=49.05𝑁×0.1𝑚
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒=4.905𝑁𝑚
Overall circuit diagram
Simulation

Simulation software
• Simulation software is Proteus 8.6
Simulation environment
• pH sensor is simulated using a potentiometer because there is no pH
sensor in Proteus library
Simulation results
• pH sensor
pH value is displayed on the LCD display when the potentiometer is
varied
Simulation results cont…
• When the pH level is below 6.5 and above 7.5 the outlet water valves
opens followed by the inlet valve.
Simulation result cont…
• Ultrasonic sensor
Ultrasonic sensor used elapsed time to determine distance or level

Distance Echo Interrupt Elapsed


reception time time
time
4 cm 253.00 µs 11 µs 245 µs
10 cm 638 µs 11µs 627 µs
33 cm 1.98 ms 0s 1.98 ms
Simulation results cont…
• Using the oscilloscope, elapsed time was obtained
Simulation results cont…
• When the food status is low GSM Module is used to notify the farmer
Simulation results cont…
• when it is time to dispense food
Simulation results cont…
• Motor pulses when it time to dispense food

pan motor food motor


Simulation results cont…
• Different reading of voltage when temperature varies. From the relation
of Vout = 10mV/degree x temperature value

Temperature Output voltage Status


value (in ˚ (V)
Celsius)
10 0.10 Not suitable
17 0.17 Suitable
21 0.21 Suitable
25 0.25 Suitable
35 0.35 Not suitable
Simulation results cont…
• When the temperature is below 10°C or is above 35°C the farmer is
notified through GSM module.
Simulation results cont…
• On changing the amount of feed, a reset button is used.

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