Prisca Lugata 140637471078
Prisca Lugata 140637471078
Prisca Lugata 140637471078
• Changing of fish pond water and feeding the fish has been a
tedious exercise.
• Therefore, there is a need for an automated system to
perform all the works without the farmer being physically
present.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
• To design an automatic fish pond feeding machine.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
• To establish the design specification.
• To design a sensing unit for water quality and level check-ups.
• To establish the communication to send information about the food
status.
• To design fish food dispensing .
• To program the control unit to give the desired output of the system.
• To integrate the entire system and prototype testing.
METHODOLOGY
• Performing literature review
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• System design
• Simulation
• Prototype building and Testing
• Project report writing
Literature review
• This part review about current methods used by fish farmers on how
to feed the fish according to the fish requirements.
• The current methods used by fish farmers to feed fish is broadcasting
fish food in the pond using either hands for small fish ponds and
buckets for lager fish ponds.
Literature review cont…
Disadvantage of the existing system
• Farmers have to employ other farmer or any person available to
provide feed when the farmer has an emergency or has to travel.
Therefore making this method costly.
Block diagram of the proposed system
Preliminary data
• Interview responses
FISH POND AT VIKINDU,
FISH POND AT DIT
PWANI
Feeding method used Broadcasting method Broadcasting method
Feeding frequency Once per day Twice per day
Type of fish farmed Tilapia Tilapia and African catfish
Number of employees None None
Gives instruction to anyone
In case of emergence absence Finds someone to feed
around
Number of ponds One Three
Size of ponds (1x1.2) m (1.2x3.7) m
Number of fish in pond >100 150, 200, 260
Amount of feed given One hand full 405 g, 2700 g, 533.5 g
Technical data
• Methods of farming Nile tilapia used in aquaculture
S/N CULTURE SYSTEM FEEDING FREQUENCY SIZE OF FISH
Pellets (1-3) mm
Adults Pellets 9 mm
Different kinds of feed pellets
Technical data cont..
Factors that determine the amount of feed for a given number of tilapia
in pond
• Weight of sampled fish in grams.
• Number of fish in pond.
• Survival rate. The survival rate is 90%.
• Feeding rate.
• Feeding frequency.
Technical data cont…
• PH level favourable for Nile Tilapia survival and fast growth
Fish growth Death Slow growth Fast growth Slow growth Death
pH value 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
pH sensor requirement
• Has high-temperature sensitivity
• Has the capability to read the pH value range from 0 to 14 pH
• Low cost with high quality
• Easy available in the market
• Tolerate to other environmental changes
• Accuracy: ±0.2pH units
Technical data cont…
• Temperature favourable for Nile Tilapia survival
LDR circuit
Data analysis cont…
• Keypad
Design Requirements KEYPAD
4X4 4X3 4X2 4X1 5X1
MATRIX MATRIX MATRIX MATRIX MATRIX
Include digits from 0 to 9 Agree Agree Disagree Disagree Disagree
Maximum rating voltage Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree
12V
Operating temperature Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree
Cost Moderate Cheap Cheap Cheap Cheap
1
13 10 22p
PD7/AIN1/PCINT23 PB7/TOSC2/XTAL2/PCINT7
X2
21 23 CRYSTAL
AREF PC0/ADC0/PCINT8
20 24
AVCC PC1/ADC1/PCINT9 C4
2
25
PC2/ADC2/PCINT10
26
PC3/ADC3/PCINT11
27
PC4/ADC4/SDA/PCINT12
28 22p
PC5/ADC5/SCL/PCINT13
1
PC6/RESET/PCINT14
ATMEGA328P
+5 V
R7
Data analysis cont…
• Software design
Flow chart
Data analysis cont…
Display unit
Requirements for designing 16 x2 display 16 x 4 display 20 x 4 display
• The selected GSM module is SIM900 module since it meets all the
required characteristics
Data analysis cont…
Motor
The motor used is servo motor because of its accurate rotation within a limited
angle.
Servomotors are controlled by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) hence the precision
of angle movement is determined by using pulse width
Torque of motor
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒=𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒×𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒=𝑚𝑔
𝑔=9.8𝑚/𝑠2, m=5kg
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒=5𝑘𝑔×9.8𝑚/𝑠2
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒=49.05𝑁
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒=49.05𝑁×0.1𝑚
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒=4.905𝑁𝑚
Overall circuit diagram
Simulation
Simulation software
• Simulation software is Proteus 8.6
Simulation environment
• pH sensor is simulated using a potentiometer because there is no pH
sensor in Proteus library
Simulation results
• pH sensor
pH value is displayed on the LCD display when the potentiometer is
varied
Simulation results cont…
• When the pH level is below 6.5 and above 7.5 the outlet water valves
opens followed by the inlet valve.
Simulation result cont…
• Ultrasonic sensor
Ultrasonic sensor used elapsed time to determine distance or level